The invention relates to an electrochemical reactor for continuous copper electrodeposition at high current densities with copper sulfate electrolytes, which comprises devices and systems of functional means that are linked and operated in line, thereby forming a triad, for standardising operational conditions in a series of operative parallel reactors. The triad, installed in each existing or new electrolytic container, comprises: a gentle electrolyte agitation system (AGSEL) with means for pulsing control of the aeration volume diffused by bubbling directed into each inter-cathodic space; a duo of systems linked in line, which comprises a system of removable anode covers (CAR) for containing, confining and coalescing the acid mist; and an acid mist recycling system (SIRENA) that captures non-coalesced electrolyte aerosols and condenses the steam, returning same to the process, while the pollutants of the gaseous fluid from the reactor are substantially diluted.

An electroplating system includes an enclosure with an interior, an anode lead extending through the enclosure and into the interior, and a porous body. The porous body is supported within the interior of the enclosure for coupling an electroplating solution within the interior with a workpiece. A conduit extends through the enclosure and into the interior of the enclosure to provide a flow of nitrogen enriched air to the interior of enclosure for drying and removing oxygen from the electroplating solution.

An electroplating system includes an enclosure with an interior, an anode lead extending through the enclosure and into the interior, and a porous body. The porous body is supported within the interior of the enclosure for coupling an electroplating solution within the interior with a workpiece. A conduit extends through the enclosure and into the interior of the enclosure to provide a flow of nitrogen enriched air to the interior of enclosure for drying and removing oxygen from the electroplating solution.

An electroplating system includes an enclosure with an interior, an anode lead extending through the enclosure and into the interior, and a porous body. The porous body is supported within the interior of the enclosure for coupling an electroplating solution within the interior with a workpiece. A conduit extends through the enclosure and into the interior of the enclosure to provide a flow of nitrogen enriched air to the interior of enclosure for drying and removing oxygen from the electroplating solution.

An electroplating system includes an enclosure with an interior, an anode lead extending through the enclosure and into the interior, and a porous body. The porous body is supported within the interior of the enclosure for coupling an electroplating solution within the interior with a workpiece. A conduit extends through the enclosure and into the interior of the enclosure to provide a flow of nitrogen enriched air to the interior of enclosure for drying and removing oxygen from the electroplating solution.

An apparatus for forming a vacuum in a sealed enclosure through an electrochemical reaction includes an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an anode supported on a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte is a Li-ion non-volatile electrolyte containing a dissolved metal salt. The cathode is constructed of a material with which lithium is known to form alloys. The anode is constructed of a lithium-ion containing material. The cell is operable to expose lithium metal on the cathode.

An apparatus for forming a vacuum in a sealed enclosure through an electrochemical reaction includes an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an anode supported on a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte is a Li-ion non-volatile electrolyte containing a dissolved metal salt. The cathode is constructed of a material with which lithium is known to form alloys. The anode is constructed of a lithium-ion containing material. The cell is operable to expose lithium metal on the cathode.

A station for localized surface treatment of an industrial workpiece to be treated includes: at least one treatment chamber having a cell or two half-cells, each cell or half-cell delimiting a tight space between walls of the cell or half-cell and a respective portion or face of the industrial workpiece, the cell or each half-cell having a wall having an opening for covering a corresponding portion or face of the industrial workpiece, the opening of the cell or half-cell being delimited by a continuous sealing gasket, the cell or each half-cell including positioning means, the at least one treatment chamber having a supply and emptying circuit; and a plurality of storage vats each containing a treatment fluid, the supply and emptying circuit connecting each storage vat to the at least one treatment chamber so as to supply the at least one treatment chamber with respective treatment fluids.

A station for localized surface treatment of an industrial workpiece to be treated includes: at least one treatment chamber having a cell or two half-cells, each cell or half-cell delimiting a tight space between walls of the cell or half-cell and a respective portion or face of the industrial workpiece, the cell or each half-cell having a wall having an opening for covering a corresponding portion or face of the industrial workpiece, the opening of the cell or half-cell being delimited by a continuous sealing gasket, the cell or each half-cell including positioning means, the at least one treatment chamber having a supply and emptying circuit; and a plurality of storage vats each containing a treatment fluid, the supply and emptying circuit connecting each storage vat to the at least one treatment chamber so as to supply the at least one treatment chamber with respective treatment fluids.

An applicator for no-bath plasma gel electrolytic oxidation of a workpiece made of a valve metal or an alloy thereof; the applicator movable over a surface of a workpiece to be treated. The applicator including an electrode connectable to a power supply and configured for applying electric voltage to a gap between the electrode and a workpiece. A gel electrolytic medium body is mounted in a holder being in an electric contact with the electrode.