The present application discloses a crystal of oxidized glutathione dication salt and a method of producing the same.

The present invention provides a crystal comprising a plurality of silanol compounds of at least one selected from the group consisting of a hexamer represented by following formula (1), an octamer represented by following formula (2), and a decamer represented by following formula (3) and having an interaction via a hydrogen bond by at least one hydroxy group between the silanol compounds.

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High-purity hydrous D-allose crystals and a method of efficiently obtaining the crystals are provided. To a D-allose-containing solution having a purity of D-allose of at least 80% (g/g) in a solute, in a metastable region in a supersaturated state of 30° C. or less, D-allose seed crystals are added. Then, the temperature of the solution is lowered by 10° C. or more for cooling and crystallization to initially obtain “hydrous D-allose crystals”, and the crystallization water thereof is removed in a specified temperature zone to obtain novel “anhydrous D-allose crystals”.

A pyramidal growth method for long-seed KDP-type crystal. In the growth method provided by the present invention, the lower end of the long-seed crystal is restricted by a lower tray, and the upper end is free to grow into a pyramidal. At the same time, the four prismatic faces at two directions of [100] and [010] can grow, avoiding growth stress problem during crystal growth, and all cut optical elements have high optical quality. Because the growth process is that four prismatic faces with highly similar growth environments grow at the same time and stirring is applied by blade-like stirring paddles during the crystal growth process, the cut optical elements have high optical uniformity.

A pyramidal growth method for long-seed KDP-type crystal. In the growth method provided by the present invention, the lower end of the long-seed crystal is restricted by a lower tray, and the upper end is free to grow into a pyramidal. At the same time, the four prismatic faces at two directions of [100] and [010] can grow, avoiding growth stress problem during crystal growth, and all cut optical elements have high optical quality. Because the growth process is that four prismatic faces with highly similar growth environments grow at the same time and stirring is applied by blade-like stirring paddles during the crystal growth process, the cut optical elements have high optical uniformity.

A device for growing a flat single crystal from a seed in a crystallization solution. A support element has a support face; a blocking element comprising a blocking face, positioned at a predefined distance from the support face to block the growth of the single crystal in a direction perpendicular to the support face; a seed protection member, configured to protect the seed during a crystallization solution treatment phase and to free a growth zone positioned between the support face and the blocking face during a rotation of the support element; the blocking element comprises a holding member that cooperates with the protection member, the holding member being movable between a first position where it holds the protection member against the support face during the treatment phase and a second position where the holding member is separated from the protection member and participates in the formation of the blocking face.

A device for growing a flat single crystal from a seed in a crystallization solution. A support element has a support face; a blocking element comprising a blocking face, positioned at a predefined distance from the support face to block the growth of the single crystal in a direction perpendicular to the support face; a seed protection member, configured to protect the seed during a crystallization solution treatment phase and to free a growth zone positioned between the support face and the blocking face during a rotation of the support element; the blocking element comprises a holding member that cooperates with the protection member, the holding member being movable between a first position where it holds the protection member against the support face during the treatment phase and a second position where the holding member is separated from the protection member and participates in the formation of the blocking face.

Inverse temperature crystallization processes are provided to produce perovskite single crystals (PSCs), as well as surface passivation techniques for producing stabilizing the PSCs in the bulk region. Stable hybrid perovskite material include a bulk region comprising a single crystal perovskite material having a first bandgap and a smooth perovskite surface layer having a second bandgap greater than the first bandgap. Devices for detection and energy conversion are also contemplated, including for spectroscopic photon and elementary particle detection, such as radiation detectors. Crystallization chambers for forming the PSCs are also provided.

Inverse temperature crystallization processes are provided to produce perovskite single crystals (PSCs), as well as surface passivation techniques for producing stabilizing the PSCs in the bulk region. Stable hybrid perovskite material include a bulk region comprising a single crystal perovskite material having a first bandgap and a smooth perovskite surface layer having a second bandgap greater than the first bandgap. Devices for detection and energy conversion are also contemplated, including for spectroscopic photon and elementary particle detection, such as radiation detectors. Crystallization chambers for forming the PSCs are also provided.

A method for preparing large size beta-type ammonium tetramolybdate monocrystal particle includes industrial ammonium molybdate, ammonia, de-ionized water are used to prepare ammonium molybdate solution with concentration of 0.20.6 g/ml; pH is adjusted to 57, temperature is adjusted to the first temperature of 7090 C. to obtain the first ammonium molybdate solution; beta-type ammonium tetramolybdate crystal seed is put into crystallization container, and the first ammonium molybdate solution is poured in the crystallization container, to form crystallization system; the crystallization system stands still at room temperature, naturally cooling, the beta-type ammonium tetramolybdate crystal seed grows into large size beta-type ammonium tetramolybdate monocrystal particle. A beta-type ammonium tetramolybdate crystal seed is obtained by constant-temperature crystallization at 7090 C. The obtained beta-type ammonium tetramolybdate crystal seed is put stewing in the first ammonium molybdate solution and is naturally cooling to produce large size beta-type ammonium tetramolybdate monocrystal particle forms.