The present invention provides a crystal of reduced glutathione having excellent powder properties and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a crystal of reduced glutathione, wherein the average crystal thickness is 10 m or more.

The invention generally relates to systems with anti-fouling control and methods for controlling fouling within a channel of a plug flow crystallizer. In certain aspects, the invention provides a system that includes a plug flow crystallizer having a channel, one or more heating/cooling elements, each operably associated with a different segment of the channel, and a controller. The controller is operably coupled to the one or more heating/cooling elements and configured to implement a temperature profile within the channel of the plug flow crystallizer that grows crystals in a plug of fluid that flows through a first segment of the channel and dissolves encrust in a second segment of the channel while having minimal impact on crystal growth in the plug of fluid in the second segment of the channel. In certain embodiments, these segments may be cyclically alternated, in that the segment in which crystal grows in one cycle becomes the segment in which crystal dissolves in the next cycle and vice versa, to realize a fully continuous crystallization process.

The invention generally relates to systems with anti-fouling control and methods for controlling fouling within a channel of a plug flow crystallizer. In certain aspects, the invention provides a system that includes a plug flow crystallizer having a channel, one or more heating/cooling elements, each operably associated with a different segment of the channel, and a controller. The controller is operably coupled to the one or more heating/cooling elements and configured to implement a temperature profile within the channel of the plug flow crystallizer that grows crystals in a plug of fluid that flows through a first segment of the channel and dissolves encrust in a second segment of the channel while having minimal impact on crystal growth in the plug of fluid in the second segment of the channel. In certain embodiments, these segments may be cyclically alternated, in that the segment in which crystal grows in one cycle becomes the segment in which crystal dissolves in the next cycle and vice versa, to realize a fully continuous crystallization process.

A photovoltaic device that absorbs optical energy and generates electrical energy, the photovoltaic device including a base; a two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic perovskite layer assembly located on the base, wherein the 2D organic-inorganic perovskite layer assembly includes an inorganic layer sandwiched by first and second organic layers; and first and second electrodes formed on a surface of the 2D organic-inorganic perovskite layer assembly, opposite to the base. A location of the first and second electrodes is selected to define a layer-edge 0 surface, which extends within the surface of the 2D organic-inorganic perovskite layer assembly, parallel to an edge of the inorganic layer.

A method for producing metal oxide nanocrystals, according to the embodiment of the present invention, includes: continuously flowing, into a continuous flow path, one or a plurality of nanocrystal precursor solutions each comprising one or more nanocrystal precursors dissolved in a non-polar solvent; directing a segmenting gas into the continuous flow path to create a segmented reaction flow; flowing the segmented reaction flow into a thermal processor; heating the segmented reaction flow in the thermal processor to create a product flow; and collecting metal oxide nanocrystals from the product flow.

A method for producing metal oxide nanocrystals, according to the embodiment of the present invention, includes: continuously flowing, into a continuous flow path, one or a plurality of nanocrystal precursor solutions each comprising one or more nanocrystal precursors dissolved in a non-polar solvent; directing a segmenting gas into the continuous flow path to create a segmented reaction flow; flowing the segmented reaction flow into a thermal processor; heating the segmented reaction flow in the thermal processor to create a product flow; and collecting metal oxide nanocrystals from the product flow.

A preparation method of inverse opal material for visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants includes 1) using titanium dioxide precursor as raw material, preparing nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide inverse opal by one-step process in the presence of nitrogen source, and 2) in the presence of reducing agent, using the nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide inverse opal, selenium precursor, and cadmium precursor as raw materials to prepare the cadmium selenide sensitized nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide inverse opal.

A preparation method of inverse opal material for visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants includes 1) using titanium dioxide precursor as raw material, preparing nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide inverse opal by one-step process in the presence of nitrogen source, and 2) in the presence of reducing agent, using the nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide inverse opal, selenium precursor, and cadmium precursor as raw materials to prepare the cadmium selenide sensitized nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide inverse opal.

A microfluidic apparatus, systems and methods for microfluidic crystallization based on gradient mixing. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes (a) a first layer, (b) a plurality of first channels and a plurality of vacuum chambers both arranged in the first layer, where the plurality of vacuum chambers are each coupled to at least one of the first channels, (c) a membrane having first and second surfaces, where the first surface of the membrane is coupled to the first layer, (d) a second layer coupled to the second surface of the membrane, (e) a plurality of wells and a plurality of second channels both arranged in the second layer, where the wells are each coupled to at least one of the plurality of second channels and (f) a plurality of barrier walls each disposed in the plurality of second channels and arranged opposite to one of the plurality of vacuum chambers.

The present invention relates to processes for preparing 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide, processes for preparing crystallized 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide, and intermediates useful therefore. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising this crystallized compound.