There is provided a nitrogen fertilizer granule in which the nitrogen release can be timed and the nitrogen release rate can be controlled according to the needs of the plants to be fertilized. The smart release nitrogen-containing fertilizer granule comprises a nitrogen-containing fertilizer core; an organic functional layer covering the core, wherein the organic functional layer comprises at least one functional organic compound that is an enzyme inhibitor, a microbial suppressor, a phosphorus solubilizer, and/or a plant hormone; a controlled release layer covering the organic functional layer, wherein the controlled release layer comprises water-swellable copolymeric nanoparticles; and an anticaking layer covering the controlled release layer, wherein the anticaking layer comprises water-insoluble copolymeric nanoparticles.

A plant stress tolerance-inducing agent is provided that contains, as an active ingredient, a compound having a specific quinone skeleton. Alternatively, a plant stress tolerance-inducing agent is provided that contains, as an active ingredient, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,4-naphthoquinone, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-5-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-6-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-amino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, a shikonin compound, and an alkannin compound.

A plant stress tolerance-inducing agent is provided that contains, as an active ingredient, a compound having a specific quinone skeleton. Alternatively, a plant stress tolerance-inducing agent is provided that contains, as an active ingredient, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,4-naphthoquinone, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-5-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-6-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-amino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, a shikonin compound, and an alkannin compound.

A composition suitable for control of diseases caused by phytopathogens comprising (A) a compound of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl and X is chloro, fluoro or bromo; and (B) at least one compound selected from compounds known for their fungicidal activity; and a method of controlling diseases on useful plants, especially rust diseases on soybean plants.

A composition suitable for control of diseases caused by phytopathogens comprising (A) a compound of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl and X is chloro, fluoro or bromo; and (B) at least one compound selected from compounds known for their fungicidal activity; and a method of controlling diseases on useful plants, especially rust diseases on soybean plants.

The present disclosure provides an environment-friendly mildew prevention method for bamboo. The mildew prevention method for bamboo includes the following steps: soaking the bamboo in an acid solution to obtain a reaction system; subjecting the reaction system to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a hydrolyzed product; and washing and drying the hydrolyzed product in sequence to obtain mildew-proof bamboo, where the acid solution is an inorganic acid solution or an organic acid solution; the inorganic acid solution has a mass concentration of 0.5-8%; the organic acid solution has a mass concentration of 2-40%. The present disclosure uses an inorganic acid solution or an organic acid solution to treat the bamboo, and reduces the content of starch in the bamboo through a hydrolysis reaction, thereby reducing a carbon source with starch as the main nutrient on which a mildew fungus depends and achieving the purpose of preventing the bamboo from mildewing.

Provided herein are screening methods for identifying compounds for use as repellents, e.g., as alternatives to DEET, and as pesticides. Further provided are one or more compounds identified using the screening methods described herein, and compositions containing such compounds.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for treating plants, soil, fungal, and/or pathogens. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to compositions having one or more microbial metabolites from a microbial cell bath mixture for the treatment of harmful plant, agriculture, and/or soil pathogens, and also relates to methods of making and using the compositions.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for treating plants, soil, fungal, and/or pathogens. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to compositions having one or more microbial metabolites from a microbial cell bath mixture for the treatment of harmful plant, agriculture, and/or soil pathogens, and also relates to methods of making and using the compositions.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for treating plants, soil, fungal, and/or pathogens. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to compositions having one or more microbial metabolites from a microbial cell bath mixture for the treatment of harmful plant, agriculture, and/or soil pathogens, and also relates to methods of making and using the compositions.