A single crystal is pulled by the FZ method, in which in a first phase, a lower end of the polycrystal is melted by the melting apparatus, in a second phase, a monocrystalline seed is attached to the lower end of the polycrystal, and in a third phase, between a lower section of the seed and the polycrystal, a thin neck section is formed whose diameter is smaller than that of the seed, where the power of the melting apparatus before the third phase is dynamically adapted in dependence on a position of a lower phase boundary (P.sub.U) between liquid material and solid material on the part of the seed, and where the power of the melting apparatus during the third phase is dynamically adapted in dependence on the position of an upper phase boundary (P.sub.O) between liquid material and solid material on the part of the polycrystal plant.

There are provided a solid electrolyte material having high density and ion conductivity, and an all solid lithium ion secondary battery using the solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte material has a garnet-related structure which has a chemical composition represented by Li.sub.7-x-yLa.sub.3Zr.sub.2-x-yTa.sub.xNb.sub.yO.sub.12 (0x0.8, 0.2y1, and 0.2x+y1) and relative density of 99% or greater, and belongs to a cubic system. The solid electrolyte material has lithium ion conductivity which is equal to or greater than 1.010.sup.3 S/cm. The solid electrolyte material has a lattice constant a which satisfies 1.28 nma1.30 nm, and has a lithium ion which occupies only two or more 96h sites in a crystal structure. The all solid lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte includes the solid electrolyte material.

FZ single crystals are pulled by melting a polycrystal with electromagnetic melting apparatus and then recrystallizing. First, a lower end of the polycrystal is melted; second, a monocrystalline seed is attached to the lower end of the polycrystal and melted beginning from an upper end thereof; third, between a lower section of the seed and the polycrystal, a thin neck is formed whose diameter (d.sub.D) is smaller than that (d.sub.I) of the seed; and fourth, between the thin neck section and the polycrystal, a conical section is formed. Before the conical growth, a switchover position (h) of the polycrystal, the position at which the rate of polycrystal movement relative to the melting apparatus is to be reduced is determined, and the rate is reduced, in amount when the switchover position (h) is reached.

There are provided a solid electrolyte material having high density and ion conductivity, and an all solid lithium ion secondary battery using the solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte material has a garnet-related structure which has a chemical composition represented by Li.sub.7-x-yLa.sub.3Zr.sub.2-x-yTa.sub.xNb.sub.yO.sub.12 (0x0.8, 0.2y1, and 0.2x+y1) and relative density of 99% or greater, and belongs to a cubic system. The solid electrolyte material has lithium ion conductivity which is equal to or greater than 1.010.sup.3 S/cm. The solid electrolyte material has a lattice constant a which satisfies 1.28 nma1.30 nm, and has a lithium ion which occupies only two or more 96h sites in a crystal structure. The all solid lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte includes the solid electrolyte material.

A method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional work piece, the method comprising the following steps: providing at least one substrate (15); depositing a first layer of a raw material powder onto the substrate (15); and irradiating selected areas of the deposited raw material powder layer with an electromagnetic or particle radiation beam (22) in a site selective manner in accordance with an irradiation pattern which corresponds to a geometry of at least part of a layer of the three-dimensional work piece to be produced, wherein the irradiation is controlled so as to produce a metallurgical bond between the substrate (15) and the raw material powder layer deposited thereon. Moreover, a use and apparatus are likewise disclosed.

A method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional work piece, the method comprising the following steps: providing at least one substrate (15); depositing a first layer of a raw material powder onto the substrate (15); and irradiating selected areas of the deposited raw material powder layer with an electromagnetic or particle radiation beam (22) in a site selective manner in accordance with an irradiation pattern which corresponds to a geometry of at least part of a layer of the three-dimensional work piece to be produced, wherein the irradiation is controlled so as to produce a metallurgical bond between the substrate (15) and the raw material powder layer deposited thereon. Moreover, a use and apparatus are likewise disclosed.

Produced is a large single crystal with no crystal grain boundary, which is a high-quality single crystal that has a uniform composition in both the vertical and horizontal directions at an optimum dopant concentration. Provided is a single-crystal production equipment which includes, at least: a raw material supply apparatus which supplies a granular raw material to a melting apparatus positioned therebelow; the melting apparatus heats and melts the granular raw material to generate a raw material melt and supplies the raw material melt into a single-crystal production crucible positioned therebelow; and a crystallization apparatus which includes the single-crystal production crucible in which a seed single crystal is placed on the bottom, and a first infrared ray irradiation equipment which irradiates an infrared ray to the upper surface of the seed single crystal in the single-crystal production crucible, and the single-crystal production equipment is configured such that the raw material melt is dropped into a melt formed by irradiating the upper surface of the seed single crystal with the infrared ray, and a single crystal is allowed to precipitate out of the thus formed mixed melt.

Produced is a large single crystal with no crystal grain boundary, which is a high-quality single crystal that has a uniform composition in both the vertical and horizontal directions at an optimum dopant concentration. Provided is a single-crystal production equipment which includes, at least: a raw material supply apparatus which supplies a granular raw material to a melting apparatus positioned therebelow; the melting apparatus heats and melts the granular raw material to generate a raw material melt and supplies the raw material melt into a single-crystal production crucible positioned therebelow; and a crystallization apparatus which includes the single-crystal production crucible in which a seed single crystal is placed on the bottom, and a first infrared ray irradiation equipment which irradiates an infrared ray to the upper surface of the seed single crystal in the single-crystal production crucible, and the single-crystal production equipment is configured such that the raw material melt is dropped into a melt formed by irradiating the upper surface of the seed single crystal with the infrared ray, and a single crystal is allowed to precipitate out of the thus formed mixed melt.

A machine control device is configured to include a measurement unit that measures regarding a state of a controlled object handled by a machine apparatus, a determination unit that determines a constraint determination value by comparing the measurement result by the measurement unit with a predetermined constraint condition, control units and that perform operation control for the machine apparatus based on the constraint determination value determined by the determination unit according to the relationship set for the constraint determination value and the operation control, and a learning unit that reconfigures the relationship between the constraint determination value and the operation control when the constraint determination value changes due to the operation control performed by the control units.

A machine control device is configured to include a measurement unit that measures regarding a state of a controlled object handled by a machine apparatus, a determination unit that determines a constraint determination value by comparing the measurement result by the measurement unit with a predetermined constraint condition, control units and that perform operation control for the machine apparatus based on the constraint determination value determined by the determination unit according to the relationship set for the constraint determination value and the operation control, and a learning unit that reconfigures the relationship between the constraint determination value and the operation control when the constraint determination value changes due to the operation control performed by the control units.