The present disclosure relates to the field of biomedical technology, and specifically to an antibody against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 and type 2 p26 and uses thereof. The present disclosure provides an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof capable of specifically binding to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 protein and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 p26 protein. The present disclosure also provides an antibody pair, kit and related uses thereof. Utilizing the antibody pair in immunoassays enables the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 p24 and HIV-2 p26 antigens, with the advantage of a lower limit of detection (LOD).