A method of performing heteroepitaxy comprises exposing a substrate to a carrier gas, a first precursor gas, a Group II/III element, and a second precursor gas, to form a heteroepitaxial growth of one of GaAs, AlAs, InAs, GaP, InP, ZnSe, GaSe, CdSe, InSe, ZnTe, CdTe, GaTe, HgTe, GaSb, InSb, AlSb, CdS, GaN, and AlN on the substrate; wherein the substrate comprises one of GaAs, AlAs, InAs, GaP, InP, ZnSe, GaSe, CdSe, InSe, ZnTe, CdTe, GaTe, HgTe, GaSb, InSb, AlSb, CdS, GaN, and AlN; wherein the carrier gas is Hz, wherein the first precursor is HCl, the Group II/III element comprises at least one of Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, and In; and wherein the second precursor is one of AsH.sub.3 (arsine), PH.sub.3 (phosphine), H.sub.2Se (hydrogen selenide), H.sub.2Te (hydrogen telluride), SbH.sub.3 (hydrogen antimonide), H.sub.2S (hydrogen sulfide), and NH.sub.3 (ammonia). The process may be an HVPE (hydride vapor phase epitaxy) process.

An integrated circuit comprises a first circuit element operably connected to a second circuit element by a nanowire interconnect; wherein the nanowire interconnect comprises molybdenum phosphide (MoP), tungsten phosphide (WP.sub.2), or niobium phosphide (NbP). A nanowire interconnect can be made by providing a template nanowire; providing a phosphine source; producing phosphine from the phosphine source; and contacting the template nanowire with the phosphine. The nanowire interconnect demonstrates low resistance.

An integrated circuit comprises a first circuit element operably connected to a second circuit element by a nanowire interconnect; wherein the nanowire interconnect comprises molybdenum phosphide (MoP), tungsten phosphide (WP.sub.2), or niobium phosphide (NbP). A nanowire interconnect can be made by providing a template nanowire; providing a phosphine source; producing phosphine from the phosphine source; and contacting the template nanowire with the phosphine. The nanowire interconnect demonstrates low resistance.

The treating arrangement (900) for an epitaxial reactor (1000) comprises: a reaction chamber (100) for treating substrates, a transfer chamber (200) adjacent to the reaction chamber (100), for transferring substrates placed over substrates support devices, a loading/unloading group (300) at least in part adjacent to the transfer chamber (200), arranged to contain a substrates support device with one or more substrates, a storage chamber (400) containing at least in part the loading/unloading group (300), having a first storage zone (410) for treated and/or untreated substrates and a second storage zone (420) for substrates support devices without any substrate, at least one external robot (500) for transferring treated substrates, untreated substrates and substrates support devices without any substrate between said storage chamber (400) and said loading/unloading group (300), at least one internal robot (600) for transferring substrates support devices with one or more substrates between said loading/unloading group (300) and said reaction chamber (100) via said transfer chamber (200); said loading/unloading group comprises a load-lock chamber (300A) and a preparation station (300B) associated with each other.

The treating arrangement (900) for an epitaxial reactor (1000) comprises: a reaction chamber (100) for treating substrates, a transfer chamber (200) adjacent to the reaction chamber (100), for transferring substrates placed over substrates support devices, a loading/unloading group (300) at least in part adjacent to the transfer chamber (200), arranged to contain a substrates support device with one or more substrates, a storage chamber (400) containing at least in part the loading/unloading group (300), having a first storage zone (410) for treated and/or untreated substrates and a second storage zone (420) for substrates support devices without any substrate, at least one external robot (500) for transferring treated substrates, untreated substrates and substrates support devices without any substrate between said storage chamber (400) and said loading/unloading group (300), at least one internal robot (600) for transferring substrates support devices with one or more substrates between said loading/unloading group (300) and said reaction chamber (100) via said transfer chamber (200); said loading/unloading group comprises a load-lock chamber (300A) and a preparation station (300B) associated with each other.

Provided is a semiconductor device including; at least a semiconductor layer; and a gate electrode that is arranged directly or via another layer on the semiconductor layer, the semiconductor device being configured in such a manner as to cause a current to flow in the semiconductor layer at least in a first direction that is along with an interface between the semiconductor layer and the gate electrode, the semiconductor layer having a corundum structure, a direction of a c-axis in the semiconductor layer being the first direction.

A group Ill nitride crystal manufacturing apparatus includes a raw material chamber generating a group Ill elemental oxide gas, and a growth chamber allowing the group Ill element oxide gas supplied from the raw material chamber to react with a nitrogen element-containing gas to generate a group III nitride crystal on a seed substrate, and the growth chamber incudes a decomposition promoting part promoting decomposition of the unreacted nitrogen element- containing gas between the seed substrate and an exhaust port for discharging the unreacted group Ill oxide gas and the nitrogen element-containing gas.

A group Ill nitride crystal manufacturing apparatus includes a raw material chamber generating a group Ill elemental oxide gas, and a growth chamber allowing the group Ill element oxide gas supplied from the raw material chamber to react with a nitrogen element-containing gas to generate a group III nitride crystal on a seed substrate, and the growth chamber incudes a decomposition promoting part promoting decomposition of the unreacted nitrogen element- containing gas between the seed substrate and an exhaust port for discharging the unreacted group Ill oxide gas and the nitrogen element-containing gas.

The treating arrangement (900) for an epitaxial reactor (1000) comprises: a reaction chamber (100) for treating substrates, a transfer chamber (200) adjacent to the reaction chamber (100), for transferring substrates placed over substrates support devices, a loading/unloading group (300) at least in part adjacent to the transfer chamber (200), arranged to contain a substrates support device with one or more substrates, a storage chamber (400) at least in part adjacent to the load-lock chamber (300), having a first storage zone (410) for treated and/or untreated substrates and a second storage zone (420) for substrates support devices without any substrate, at least one external robot (500) for transferring treated substrates, untreated substrates and substrates support devices without any substrate between said storage chamber (400) and said loading/unloading group (300), at least one internal robot (600) for transferring substrates support devices with one or more substrates between said loading/unloading group (300) and said reaction chamber (100) via said transfer chamber (200).

The treating arrangement (900) for an epitaxial reactor (1000) comprises: a reaction chamber (100) for treating substrates, a transfer chamber (200) adjacent to the reaction chamber (100), for transferring substrates placed over substrates support devices, a loading/unloading group (300) at least in part adjacent to the transfer chamber (200), arranged to contain a substrates support device with one or more substrates, a loading/unloading chamber (400) at least in part adjacent to the loading/unloading group (300), having a first storage zone (410) for treated and/or untreated substrates and a second storage zone (420) for substrates support devices without any substrate, at least one external robot (500) for transferring treated substrates, untreated substrates and substrates support devices without any substrate between said loading/unloading chamber (400) and said loading/unloading group (300), at least one internal robot (600) for transferring substrates support devices with one or more substrates between said loading/unloading group (300) and said reaction chamber (100) via said transfer chamber (200); wherein said external robot (500) comprises an articulated arm (510) arranged to handle both treated substrates and untreated substrates as well as substrates support devices.