The present invention relates to: layered iron arsenide (FeAs), which is more particularly layered FeAs, which, unlike the conventional bulk FeAs, has a two-dimensional (2D) crystal structure, has the ability to be easily exfoliated into nanosheets, and has superconductivity; a method of preparing the same; and a FeAs nanosheet exfoliated from the same.

A method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional work piece, the method comprising the following steps: providing at least one substrate (15); depositing a first layer of a raw material powder onto the substrate (15); and irradiating selected areas of the deposited raw material powder layer with an electromagnetic or particle radiation beam (22) in a site selective manner in accordance with an irradiation pattern which corresponds to a geometry of at least part of a layer of the three-dimensional work piece to be produced, wherein the irradiation is controlled so as to produce a metallurgical bond between the substrate (15) and the raw material powder layer deposited thereon. Moreover, a use and apparatus are likewise disclosed.

A method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional work piece, the method comprising the following steps: providing at least one substrate (15); depositing a first layer of a raw material powder onto the substrate (15); and irradiating selected areas of the deposited raw material powder layer with an electromagnetic or particle radiation beam (22) in a site selective manner in accordance with an irradiation pattern which corresponds to a geometry of at least part of a layer of the three-dimensional work piece to be produced, wherein the irradiation is controlled so as to produce a metallurgical bond between the substrate (15) and the raw material powder layer deposited thereon. Moreover, a use and apparatus are likewise disclosed.

A method for forming a silicon-containing epitaxial layer is disclosed. The method may include, heating a substrate to a temperature of less than approximately 950? C. and exposing the substrate to a first silicon source comprising a hydrogenated silicon source, a second silicon source, a dopant source, and a halogen source. The method may also include depositing a silicon-containing epitaxial layer wherein the dopant concentration within the silicon-containing epitaxial layer is greater than 3?10.sup.21 atoms per cubic centimeter.

A method for forming a silicon-containing epitaxial layer is disclosed. The method may include, heating a substrate to a temperature of less than approximately 950? C. and exposing the substrate to a first silicon source comprising a hydrogenated silicon source, a second silicon source, a dopant source, and a halogen source. The method may also include depositing a silicon-containing epitaxial layer wherein the dopant concentration within the silicon-containing epitaxial layer is greater than 3?10.sup.21 atoms per cubic centimeter.

Provided is a cathode active material that can simultaneously improve the capacity characteristics, output characteristics, and cycling characteristics of a rechargeable battery when used as cathode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery. After performing nucleation by controlling an aqueous solution for nucleation that includes a metal compound that includes at least a transition metal and an ammonium ion donor so that the pH value becomes 12.0 to 14.0 (nucleation process), nuclei are caused to grow by controlling aqueous solution for particle growth that includes the nuclei so that the pH value is less than in the nucleation process and is 10.5 to 12.0 (particle growth process). When doing this, the reaction atmosphere in the nucleation process and at the beginning of the particle growth process is a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and in the particle growth process, atmosphere control by which the reaction atmosphere is switched from this non-oxidizing atmosphere to an oxidizing atmosphere, and is then switched again to a non-oxidizing atmosphere is performed at least one time. Cathode active material is obtained with the composite hydroxide particles that are obtained by this kind of crystallization reaction as a precursor.

Provided is a cathode active material that can simultaneously improve the capacity characteristics, output characteristics, and cycling characteristics of a rechargeable battery when used as cathode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery. After performing nucleation by controlling an aqueous solution for nucleation that includes a metal compound that includes at least a transition metal and an ammonium ion donor so that the pH value becomes 12.0 to 14.0 (nucleation process), nuclei are caused to grow by controlling aqueous solution for particle growth that includes the nuclei so that the pH value is less than in the nucleation process and is 10.5 to 12.0 (particle growth process). When doing this, the reaction atmosphere in the nucleation process and at the beginning of the particle growth process is a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and in the particle growth process, atmosphere control by which the reaction atmosphere is switched from this non-oxidizing atmosphere to an oxidizing atmosphere, and is then switched again to a non-oxidizing atmosphere is performed at least one time. Cathode active material is obtained with the composite hydroxide particles that are obtained by this kind of crystallization reaction as a precursor.

A fabrication method of a nickel nanowire includes: preparing an anodized aluminum oxide or plastic nanotemplate having nanopores and one surface on which platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) or an alloy thereof is deposited as a working electrode; producing a plating solution which is a mixture of nickel(II) sulfate heptahydrate (NiSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O) as a precursor and ammonium sulfate ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4) as a buffer solution; and dipping the anodized aluminum oxide or plastic nanotemplate into the plating solution and depositing a nickel nanowire in an electrodeposition process using platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) as a counter electrode. A crystal direction of the nickel nanowire is a [111] direction.

A fabrication method of a nickel nanowire includes: preparing an anodized aluminum oxide or plastic nanotemplate having nanopores and one surface on which platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) or an alloy thereof is deposited as a working electrode; producing a plating solution which is a mixture of nickel(II) sulfate heptahydrate (NiSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O) as a precursor and ammonium sulfate ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4) as a buffer solution; and dipping the anodized aluminum oxide or plastic nanotemplate into the plating solution and depositing a nickel nanowire in an electrodeposition process using platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) as a counter electrode. A crystal direction of the nickel nanowire is a [111] direction.

Disclosed is a nonlinear optical (NLO) material for use in deep-UV applications, and methods of fabrication thereof. The NLO is fabricated from a plurality of components according to the formula A.sub.qB.sub.yC.sub.z and a crystallographic non-centrosymmetric (NCS) structure. The NLO material may be fabricated as a polycrystalline or a single crystal material. In an embodiment, the material may be according to a formula Ba.sub.3ZnB.sub.5PO.sub.14.