The present disclosure provides, inter alia, compositions and methods for harnessing the immune system (e.g., T cells) as a detection tool to diagnose and predict cancer patient treatment outcomes and for monitoring the persistence of functional, non-genetically modified, T cell therapies in vivo after administration to a subject.

The present inventions describes a Facile Accelerated Specific Therapeutic (FAST) pipeline to rapidly design, built and test peptide nucleic acid treatments against mammalian or microbial genes of interest. The invention may include a bioinformatics application for facile and accelerated high throughput design of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that act as inhibitors of expression of specific targeted genes by binding to their mRNA to block translation, or PNA activators that can activate expression of target genes by binding to the respective promoter regions and recruitment of transcriptional activators. The invention may further involve automated and high throughput parallel synthesis of a PNA inhibitor/activator library for generation of on-site therapeutic molecules, which may reduce storage requirements, and the development of efficient delivery of therapeutic PNAs to host cells to overcome challenges of transport, toxicity, and bioavailability. The invention may further involve the testing of designed and built PNAs in a high throughput manner in a relevant infection, or mammalian cell culture model. The proposed invention may allow identification of important gene targets, and quickly generate translatable therapies that can be tested under host conditions, and most importantly develop a countermeasure platform that can be deployed on-site in the future to generate therapies in short time scales.

The present inventions describes a Facile Accelerated Specific Therapeutic (FAST) pipeline to rapidly design, built and test peptide nucleic acid treatments against mammalian or microbial genes of interest. The invention may include a bioinformatics application for facile and accelerated high throughput design of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that act as inhibitors of expression of specific targeted genes by binding to their mRNA to block translation, or PNA activators that can activate expression of target genes by binding to the respective promoter regions and recruitment of transcriptional activators. The invention may further involve automated and high throughput parallel synthesis of a PNA inhibitor/activator library for generation of on-site therapeutic molecules, which may reduce storage requirements, and the development of efficient delivery of therapeutic PNAs to host cells to overcome challenges of transport, toxicity, and bioavailability. The invention may further involve the testing of designed and built PNAs in a high throughput manner in a relevant infection, or mammalian cell culture model. The proposed invention may allow identification of important gene targets, and quickly generate translatable therapies that can be tested under host conditions, and most importantly develop a countermeasure platform that can be deployed on-site in the future to generate therapies in short time scales.

A visual continuous spatial directed evolution method is disclosed. The host grows and moves in a solid culture space, the host carrying a foreign target gene to be evolved and containing a gene element that assists the evolution of the target gene, the target gene being correlated with the growth and movement of the host. Depending on different spatial distribution patterns formed in the solid culture space during the growth and movement of the host, screening is performed to obtain an evolved product. This method is carried out directly in the solid culture space. Depending on images of different spatial distribution morphologies visible to the naked eye that are locally formed, selection of evolved products is performed without the need for liquid fed-batch culture equipment. In addition, the evolution effect is visually observed through the infection spots formed during evolution, so that no real-time monitoring equipment is required.

A visual continuous spatial directed evolution method is disclosed. The host grows and moves in a solid culture space, the host carrying a foreign target gene to be evolved and containing a gene element that assists the evolution of the target gene, the target gene being correlated with the growth and movement of the host. Depending on different spatial distribution patterns formed in the solid culture space during the growth and movement of the host, screening is performed to obtain an evolved product. This method is carried out directly in the solid culture space. Depending on images of different spatial distribution morphologies visible to the naked eye that are locally formed, selection of evolved products is performed without the need for liquid fed-batch culture equipment. In addition, the evolution effect is visually observed through the infection spots formed during evolution, so that no real-time monitoring equipment is required.

The present disclosure relates to an exosome comprising a photocleavable protein and a use thereof, and the exosome according to the present disclosure contains a fusion protein comprising a blue fluorescent protein (TagBFP), a photocleavable protein (mMaple3), and an exosome-specific marker protein (CD9), and it has been found that when light of 405 nm is irradiated to the exosome, the photocleavable protein, mMaple3 is cleaved and thereby the blue fluorescent protein in the exosome can be delivered into a target cell. In addition, it has been found that Cre protein in the exosome can be delivered into an animal organ, when light of 405 nm is irradiated to an exosome containing Cre fusion protein (Cre-mMaple3-CD9). Therefore, the exosome containing the photocleavable protein according to the present disclosure is expected to be useful in the protein treatment field by safely and efficiently delivering various therapeutic proteins into cells.

The present invention relates to a nanoperforator having a lipid-bilayer nanodisc and a membrane-structured protein surrounding the nanodisc and to a pharmaceutical composition having the nanoperforator as an active ingredient for preventing or treating viral infectious diseases. The use of the lipid-bilayer nanoperforator provided in the present invention can lead to the safe prevention or treatment of a disease caused by viral infection regardless of whether the virus is a variant or not, and thus the present invention can be widely used for the safe and effective treatment of viral infectious diseases.

Methods and compositions for identifying tumor antigens of human lymphocytes, and for identifying subjects for cancer therapy, are provided herein.

Methods and compositions for identifying tumor antigens of human lymphocytes, and for identifying subjects for cancer therapy, are provided herein.

The present invention provides methods for assessing a compound's potential toxicity.