The present invention refers to a process, a system and a plant for producing synthesis gas, comprising a combined cleaning unit for hydrogen and CO.sub.2 or hydrogen and N.sub.2. The process, system and plant of the present invention provide significant savings and improved CAPEX in e-plants for producing ammonia, methanol and other e-fuels.

Processes for separating carbon dioxide from CO2-containing gases and an apparatus for providing carbon dioxide for the synthesis of urea.

The ammonia production plant includes a feed gas compression section, a process air compression section, a syngas compression section and a refrigerant compression section. At least two of these compression sections are combined together forming a combined compression train driven by a single driver.

Reactant materials for use in the synthesis of compounds comprising a non-metal and hydrogen, and methods of making and using the same are provided. The reactant materials generally comprise first and second non-metals, metals, a cation, and a transition metal, and can be formed and used in reactions occurring at relatively low-pressure conditions using heat energy that can be supplied via solar radiation. In particular, the reactant materials can be used in the synthesis of ammonia and various hydrocarbon compounds using air, water, and sunlight.

The present invention provides a method and system for producing blue ammonia, providing for a higher percentage of carbon capture. The method and system of the invention may be used in any ammonia plant.

A method for providing energy to commercial or industrial operations, such as greenhouses and algae farms, is provided. The method includes the step of recovering waste heat from a hydrogen production process, wherein the hydrogen product has a carbon intensity preferably less than about 1.0 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2, more preferably less than about 0.45 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2, and most preferably less than about 0.0 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2. The hydrogen is preferably produced by converting a hydrocarbon feedstock to hydrogen through a reforming process, wherein at least some, and preferably substantially all, of the required energy for the hydrogen production process is provided from a biomass power plant. The method also includes the steps of processing one or more gas streams containing carbon dioxide from the biomass power plant and the hydrogen production process in one or more carbon capture unit to reduce CO.sub.2e emissions, and converting at least some of the waste heat to thermal energy for use in the commercial or industrial operations. The method further comprises the step of providing at least some, and preferably substantially all of the required energy for the commercial or industrial operations from the biomass power plant.

In a method for the reduction of methanol emission from an ammonia plant, a chilled methanol-containing feed gas is fed to a methanol absorber, carbon dioxide is separated from the gas phase leaving the methanol absorber, the methanol-containing gas is fed to a final separator, and the chilled, methanol-free process condensate from the final separator is used to wash out the methanol in a scrubbing column. By cooling the streams to the column and inserting a number of individual wash trays in the column, a practically quantitative removal of methanol is possible.

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock, and the Wobbe Index of said fuel is increased by a step of carbon dioxide removal or methanation.

A method for revamping a front-end of an ammonia plant, said front-end comprising a reforming section (1, 2) with air-fired secondary reformer or autothermal reformer (2), a treatment section (3) of the effluent from said reforming section, and an air feed compressor (6), wherein an O.sub.2-containing stream (8) is directed to said reforming section (2) for use as oxidant, at least one nitrogen stream (9) is introduced at a suitable location of the front-end, to provide a desired molar ratio between hydrogen and nitrogen in the product gas, and at least part of said nitrogen stream (9) is compressed via said feed compressor (6).

Process for the combined production of a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, and of carbon monoxide by cryogenic distillation and cryogenic scrubbing, wherein a methane-rich liquid is introduced at a first intermediate level of a scrubbing column as first scrubbing liquid and at least one nitrogen-rich liquid is introduced at a level higher than the first level of the scrubbing column as second scrubbing liquid and a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen is drawn off as overhead gas from the scrubbing column.