Electrochemical cells for the production of hydrogen from liquid fuels and methods of operating the cells to produce hydrogen and electricity are provided. The electrochemical cells are solid state cells that incorporate a thermochemical conversion catalyst and a hydrogen oxidation catalyst into the anode and utilize solid acid electrolytes. This cell design integrates thermally driven chemical conversion of a starting fuel with electrochemical removal of hydrogen from the conversion reaction zone.

A method for ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, the method comprising the steps of introducing an ammonia stream to a reactor, wherein the ammonia stream comprises ammonia, wherein the reactor comprises a cobalt-based catalyst, the cobalt-based catalyst comprising 15 wt % and 70 wt % of cobalt, 5 wt % and 45 wt % of cerium, and 0.4 wt % and 0.5 wt % barium, wherein a remainder of weight of the cobalt-based catalyst is oxygen; contacting the ammonia in the ammonia stream with the cobalt-based catalyst, wherein the cobalt-based catalyst is operable to catalyze an ammonia decomposition reaction; catalyzing the ammonia decomposition reaction to cause the ammonia decomposition in the presence of the cobalt-based catalyst to produce hydrogen; and withdrawing a product stream from the reactor, the product stream comprising hydrogen.

The present invention provides a heterojunction photocatalyst having higher photocatalytic activity than that of a conventional heterojunction photocatalyst. Further, the present invention provides a photocatalyst composite having the heterojunction photocatalyst on a substrate, a method for producing the heterojunction photocatalyst, and a method for producing hydrogen using the heterojunction photocatalyst or the photocatalyst composite The het junction photocatalyst of the present invention has a solid mediator between a hydrogen-evolution photocatalyst and an oxygen-evolution photocatalyst, and the solid mediator is selectively joined to an electrons collecting surface of the oxygen-evolution photocatalyst.

A system and a method for producing hydrogen and electrical power from an aqueous ammonia solution are provided. An exemplary system includes a distillation unit to produce ammonia gas from the aqueous ammonia solution, a compression unit to boost the pressure of the ammonia gas, a membrane separator to catalytically convert the ammonia gas to nitrogen and hydrogen and remove the hydrogen as a permeate, and a micro turbine to combust a retentate to generate energy.

Disclosed herein are perovskite materials and methods of making an use thereof.

Provided are a supported metal material showing high catalytic activity, a supported metal catalyst, a method of producing ammonia and a method of producing hydrogen using the supported metal catalyst, and a method of producing a cyanamide compound. The supported metal material of the present invention is a supported metal material in which a transition metal is supported on a support, and the support is a cyanamide compound represented by the following general formula (1): MCN.sub.2 (1), wherein M represents a group II element of the periodic table, and the specific surface area of the cyanamide compound is 1 m.sup.2 g.sup.−1 or more.

A process and associated system for generating a hydrogen product from a feed gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide. The process includes thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide present in the feed gas stream into hydrogen gas and elemental sulfur in a thermal decomposition unit. The thermal decomposition unit includes a reactor vessel with a porous susceptor disposed and retained therein and a microwave generation unit positioned and configured to deliver microwave energy to the porous susceptor. Thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide in the thermal decomposition unit includes directing microwave energy into the porous susceptor to raise the temperature of the porous, susceptor to greater than 1,000° C. and then passing the hydrogen sulfide through the porous susceptor to thermally decompose the hydrogen sulfide and generate a thermal decomposition unit effluent. The process further includes separating the thermal decomposition unit effluent into a sulfur fraction, a hydrogen rich fraction, and a hydrogen sulfide fraction.

A process and associated system for generating a hydrogen product from a feed gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide. The process includes thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide present in the feed gas stream into hydrogen gas and elemental sulfur in a thermal decomposition unit. The thermal decomposition unit includes a reactor vessel with a porous susceptor disposed and retained therein and a microwave generation unit positioned and configured to deliver microwave energy to the porous susceptor. Thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide in the thermal decomposition unit includes directing microwave energy into the porous susceptor to raise the temperature of the porous, susceptor to greater than 1,000° C. and then passing the hydrogen sulfide through the porous susceptor to thermally decompose the hydrogen sulfide and generate a thermal decomposition unit effluent. The process further includes separating the thermal decomposition unit effluent into a sulfur fraction, a hydrogen rich fraction, and a hydrogen sulfide fraction.

The invention relates to a method of preparing titanium dioxide-coated nanostars. Titanium precursors are hydrolyzed into crystalline TiO.sub.2 polymorphs at low temperatures, allowing the delicate morphology of the nanostars to be preserved while maintaining their desirable photocatalytic properties.

Systems and methods use bimetallic alloy particles for converting hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) to hydrogen (H.sub.2) and sulfur (S), typically during multiple operations. In a first operation, metal alloy composite particles can be converted to a composite metal sulfide. In a second operation, composite metal sulfide from the first operation can be regenerated back to the metal alloy composite particle using an inert gas stream. Pure, or substantially pure, sulfur can also be generated during the second operation.