Provided is a molybdenum sulfide that is ribbon-shaped and particularly suitable for a hydrogen generation catalyst. Disclosed are a ribbon-shaped molybdenum sulfide, in which 50 particles as measured by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) have a shape of, on average, 500 to 10000 nm in length, 10 to 1000 nm in width, and 3 to 200 nm in thickness; a method for producing the ribbon-shaped molybdenum sulfide, including: (1) heating a molybdenum oxide at a temperature of 200 to 1000° C. in the presence of a sulfur source; or (2) heating a molybdenum oxide at a temperature of 100 to 800° C. in the absence of a sulfur source, and then heating the molybdenum oxide at a temperature of 200 to 1000° C. in the presence of a sulfur source; and a hydrogen generation catalyst including the ribbon-shaped molybdenum sulfide.

Provided is a molybdenum sulfide that is ribbon-shaped and particularly suitable for a hydrogen generation catalyst. Disclosed are a ribbon-shaped molybdenum sulfide, in which 50 particles as measured by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) have a shape of, on average, 500 to 10000 nm in length, 10 to 1000 nm in width, and 3 to 200 nm in thickness; a method for producing the ribbon-shaped molybdenum sulfide, including: (1) heating a molybdenum oxide at a temperature of 200 to 1000° C. in the presence of a sulfur source; or (2) heating a molybdenum oxide at a temperature of 100 to 800° C. in the absence of a sulfur source, and then heating the molybdenum oxide at a temperature of 200 to 1000° C. in the presence of a sulfur source; and a hydrogen generation catalyst including the ribbon-shaped molybdenum sulfide.

The invention is directed to a solid, porous material for generating hydrogen gas, said material having a porosity of 20 to 75 vol %, and a composition comprising, based on the weight of the material, 50 to 99% of a boron hydride compound, and 1 to 30% of a binder. A further aspect of the invention relates to a gas generator comprising said material and use thereof in aerospace applications.

The invention is directed to a solid, porous material for generating hydrogen gas, said material having a porosity of 20 to 75 vol %, and a composition comprising, based on the weight of the material, 50 to 99% of a boron hydride compound, and 1 to 30% of a binder. A further aspect of the invention relates to a gas generator comprising said material and use thereof in aerospace applications.

In an apparatus producing hydrogen gas by a decomposition reaction of water using a photocatalyst, the water is warmed with waste heat of a light source for improving the production efficiency of hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas producing apparatus 1 comprises a container portion receiving water; a photocatalyst body, dispersed or placed in the water, having a photocatalyst material to generate excited electrons and electron holes by irradiation of light, causing the decomposition reaction of water which decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen to generate hydrogen gas; a light source emitting the light to be irradiated to the photocatalyst body; and a housing carrying the light source; wherein the housing is placed in the water, which is warmed by the waste heat of the light source discharged from the housing surface which is coated with a photocatalyst material.

Provided is a method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition that exhibits excellent detachability between the substrate and the photocatalyst layer and exhibits high photocurrent density. The method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition of the invention includes: a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on one surface of a first substrate by a vapor phase film-forming method or a liquid phase film-forming method; a photocatalyst layer forming step of forming a photocatalyst layer by subjecting the metal layer to at least one treatment selected from an oxidation treatment, a nitriding treatment, a sulfurization treatment, or a selenization treatment; a current collecting layer forming step of forming a current collecting layer on a surface of the photocatalyst layer, the surface being on the opposite side of the first substrate; and a detachment step of detaching the first substrate from the photocatalyst layer.

Provided is a method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition that exhibits excellent detachability between the substrate and the photocatalyst layer and exhibits high photocurrent density. The method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition of the invention includes: a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on one surface of a first substrate by a vapor phase film-forming method or a liquid phase film-forming method; a photocatalyst layer forming step of forming a photocatalyst layer by subjecting the metal layer to at least one treatment selected from an oxidation treatment, a nitriding treatment, a sulfurization treatment, or a selenization treatment; a current collecting layer forming step of forming a current collecting layer on a surface of the photocatalyst layer, the surface being on the opposite side of the first substrate; and a detachment step of detaching the first substrate from the photocatalyst layer.

A method of carbon dioxide hydrogenation comprises introducing gaseous water to a positive electrode of an electrolysis cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The proton-conducting membrane comprises an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10.sup.−2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150° C. to about 650° C. Carbon dioxide is introduced to the negative electrode of the electrolysis cell. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrolysis cell to generate hydrogen ions from the gaseous water that diffuses through the proton-conducting membrane and hydrogenates the carbon dioxide at the negative electrode. A carbon dioxide hydrogenation system is also described.

A system and method for treating natural gas, including producing natural gas from a subterranean formation via a wellhead system to a nonthermal plasma (NTP) catalytic unit, converting by the NTP unit carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) in the natural gas into carbon monoxide (CO), elemental sulfur (S), and hydrogen (H.sub.2), and removing the elemental sulfur as liquid elemental sulfur to give treated natural gas. The NTP unit may convert methane (CH.sub.4) in the natural gas to heavier hydrocarbons.

A system and method for treating natural gas, including producing natural gas from a subterranean formation via a wellhead system to a nonthermal plasma (NTP) catalytic unit, converting by the NTP unit carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) in the natural gas into carbon monoxide (CO), elemental sulfur (S), and hydrogen (H.sub.2), and removing the elemental sulfur as liquid elemental sulfur to give treated natural gas. The NTP unit may convert methane (CH.sub.4) in the natural gas to heavier hydrocarbons.