A method of generating electricity in a body of water includes providing a colony of sulfur-reducing bacteria, a colony of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and a colony of denitrifying bacteria submerged in the body of water. The colony of sulfur-reducing bacteria can be used to convert at least a portion of sulfates present in the body of water to hydrogen sulfide. The colony of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can be used to convert the hydrogen sulfide to sulfuric acid, which can react with manganese to produce hydrogen gas. The colony of denitrifying bacteria can be used to convert at least a portion of nitrogen oxides in the body of water to nitrogen gas, which can be bubbled through a portion of water from the body of water to remove dissolved oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas and oxygen gas can be combined in a fuel cell generator to generate electricity.

Methods and devices and aspects thereof for generating power using PEM fuel cell power systems comprising a rotary bed (or rotatable) reactor for hydrogen generation are disclosed. Hydrogen is generated by the hydrolysis of fuels such as lithium aluminum hydride and mixtures thereof. Water required for hydrolysis may be captured from the fuel cell exhaust. Water is preferably fed to the reactor in the form of a mist generated by an atomizer. An exemplary 750 We-h, 400 We PEM fuel cell power system may be characterized by a specific energy of about 550 We-h/kg and a specific power of about 290 We/kg. Turbidity fixtures within the reactor increase turbidity of fuel pellets within the reactor and improve the energy density of the system.

A modular device for generating hydrogen gas from a hydrogen liquid carrier may include a housing; an inlet for receiving the hydrogen liquid carrier; and at least one cartridge arranged within the housing. The cartridge may include at least one catalyst configured to cause a release of hydrogen gas when exposed to the hydrogen liquid carrier. The modular device may include a gas outlet for expelling the hydrogen gas released in the modular device and a liquid outlet for expelling spent hydrogen liquid carrier.

A thermochemical labyrinth reactor is disclosed. The reactor has a reoxidation zone and a reduction zone with electric heaters. A recuperation zone connects the reduction and reoxidation zones with first and second channels, the first channel adjoining the second channel, being separated by windows allowing an exchange of thermal radiation between channels while preventing gas exchange. The reactor also includes reactor plates composed of a reactive material, and a transit system running through the three zones, with the transit system configured to shuttle the plates between the reduction zone and the reoxidation zone, moving the plates along a circuit. The reactor also has a feedstock gas emitter to introduce a feedstock gas flowing opposite the movement of the plates. A gas extractor is configured to extract a product gas resulting from the feedstock gas being split by the oxidizing reactive material. All three zones are surrounded by an insulating housing.

A method for preparing copper-nickel cobaltate nanowires includes steps of: (1) dissolving a soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and copper salt in ultrapure water, and preparing same into a mixed salt solution A; (2) adding 1-4 mmol of sodium dodecyl sulfate to solution A, and dissolving same with stirring; (3) dissolving 12-30 mmol of hexamethylenetetramine in 20 mL of ultrapure water to form solution B; (4) slowly dropwise adding solution B to solution A via a separatory funnel to form solution C, and stirring same for 0.5-1 h; and (5) further transferring same into a 100 mL reaction vessel, reacting same at 100-160° C. for 8-20 h, suction filtration and washing, and drying same at 40-60° C. in a vacuum oven, and further reacting same at 350-800° C. for 1-4 h in a muffle furnace.

A solid state formulation adapted for hydrogen generation includes a mixture of sodium borohydride and a water storage agent that is stable below about 60° C. but adapted to release water upon heating to a temperature between about 80° C. and about 300° C. A method for generating hydrogen by heating that solid state formulation is also provided.

Systems and methods for sequestering carbon, evolving hydrogen gas, producing iron oxide as magnetite, and producing magnesium carbonate as magnesite through sequential carbonation and serpentinization/hydration reactions involving processed olivine- and/or pyroxene-rich ores, as typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rock. Precious or scarce metals, such nickel, cobalt, chromium, rare earth elements, and others, may be concentrated in the remaining ore to facilitate their recovery from any gangue material.

Systems and methods for sequestering carbon, evolving hydrogen gas, producing iron oxide as magnetite, and producing magnesium carbonate as magnesite through sequential carbonation and serpentinization/hydration reactions involving processed olivine- and/or pyroxene-rich ores, as typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rock. Precious or scarce metals, such nickel, cobalt, chromium, rare earth elements, and others, may be concentrated in the remaining ore to facilitate their recovery from any gangue material.

Processes for activating precious metal-containing catalysts. The processes can decrease the amount of high purity hydrogen required for starting up a catalytic conversion process such as transalkylation of heavy aromatics, without detrimental impact to the metal activity. The processes can include a low temperature treatment step with a high purity first gas, such as hydrogen generated by electrolysis and/or reformer hydrogen diluted with high purity inert gas, and a high temperature treatment step with a low purity second gas such as the reformer hydrogen. Also, the processes can include mixing a hydrogen gas of high or low purity with a high purity inert gas to form a gas mixture with a proportion of hydrogen no less than 2% and a reduced carbon monoxide concentration relative to the low purity hydrogen, and contacting the catalyst with the gas mixture.

A device for generating hydrogen gas having two or more storages, each storage storing a reactant or mix of reactants, and each storage coupled to a means of injecting the stored reactant or mix of reactants into a reaction chamber in a controlled manner and at an optimum rate, so that a chemical reaction occurs in the reaction chamber that produces hydrogen gas efficiently.