A modular device for generating hydrogen gas from a hydrogen liquid carrier may include a housing; an inlet for receiving the hydrogen liquid carrier; and at least one cartridge arranged within the housing. The cartridge may include at least one catalyst configured to cause a release of hydrogen gas when exposed to the hydrogen liquid carrier. The modular device may include a gas outlet for expelling the hydrogen gas released in the modular device and a liquid outlet for expelling spent hydrogen liquid carrier.

A modular device for generating hydrogen gas from a hydrogen liquid carrier may include a housing; an inlet for receiving the hydrogen liquid carrier; and at least one cartridge arranged within the housing. The cartridge may include at least one catalyst configured to cause a release of hydrogen gas when exposed to the hydrogen liquid carrier. The modular device may include a gas outlet for expelling the hydrogen gas released in the modular device and a liquid outlet for expelling spent hydrogen liquid carrier.

A methanol production system of the present disclosure includes: a reformer including a reaction furnace configured to reform methane in a raw material gas to produce a reformed gas containing CO and H.sub.2; a reduced-gas generator configured to reduce CO.sub.2 to produce a reduced gas containing CO; and a methanol-containing gas generator configured to produce a methanol-containing gas which contains methanol from a reformed gas produced in the reaction furnace and a reduced gas produced in the reduced-gas generator.

A methanol production system of the present disclosure includes: a reformer including a reaction furnace configured to reform methane in a raw material gas to produce a reformed gas containing CO and H.sub.2; a reduced-gas generator configured to reduce CO.sub.2 to produce a reduced gas containing CO; and a methanol-containing gas generator configured to produce a methanol-containing gas which contains methanol from a reformed gas produced in the reaction furnace and a reduced gas produced in the reduced-gas generator.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a hydrogen extraction reactor, comprising a chamber including an inner space; a reaction unit which is provided to pass through the inside of the chamber and where an endothermic reaction for hydrogen extraction occurs; a heating unit which is provided to be spaced apart from the reaction unit inside the chamber and transfers heat to the inside of the chamber; and a heat transfer material which is provided between the reaction unit and the heating unit in the chamber, wherein the heat transfer material undergoes a phase transition between a gas phase and a liquid phase according to the entry and exit of heat from the heating unit or the reaction unit.

Hydrogen purification devices and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include at least one foil-microscreen assembly disposed between and secured to first and second end frames. The at least one foil-microscreen assembly may include at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and at least one microscreen structure including a non-porous planar sheet having a plurality of apertures forming a plurality of fluid passages. The planar sheet may include generally opposed planar surfaces configured to provide support to the permeate side. The plurality of fluid passages may extend between the opposed surfaces. The at least one hydrogen-selective membrane may be metallurgically bonded to the at least one microscreen structure.

A catalyst composition suitable for the ethanol reforming process at low temperature with enhanced stability on long term, comprises a noble metal, such as platinum or rhodium, and a transition non-noble metal, such as nickel or cobalt, supported by a carrier comprising, cerium, zirconium, optionally aluminium, supplemented with potassium. It is provided also a method for the stable production of hydrogen from an ethanol containing gas stream, comprising subjecting the gas stream to catalytic ethanol reforming as to form a rich H2 stream, using the catalyst as defined above.

Proposed are a process and a plant for producing a hydrogen- and carbon oxides-containing synthesis gas by partial noncatalytic oxidation of a fluid or fluidizable carbon-containing input stream of fossil origin as a first input stream in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidant and optionally a moderator to obtain a CO-rich raw synthesis gas. According to the invention a second input stream including a pyrolysis oil obtained from biomass is reacted simultaneously with the first input stream in the noncatalytic partial oxidation.

A method of producing hydrogen using biomass includes: pretreating the biomass using an ionic liquid; and extracting hydrogen by reacting the pretreated biomass with an alkaline substance.

A method of producing hydrogen using biomass includes: pretreating the biomass using an ionic liquid; and extracting hydrogen by reacting the pretreated biomass with an alkaline substance.