Methods for producing hydrogen from ammonia are described. The methods involve the use of a two-stage hydrogen PSA configuration. The effluent stream from the ammonia cracking reaction zone is sent to the first hydrogen PSA unit where it is separated into a high purity, high-pressure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure tail gas stream. The high-pressure hydrogen stream can be recovered. The low-pressure tail gas stream is compressed and sent to the second hydrogen PSA unit where it is separated into a second high-pressure stream and a second low-pressure tail gas stream. The second high-pressure hydrogen stream can be recycled to the first hydrogen PSA unit for further separation.

Methods for producing hydrogen from ammonia are described. The methods involve the use of a two-stage hydrogen PSA configuration. The effluent stream from the ammonia cracking reaction zone is sent to the first hydrogen PSA unit where it is separated into a high purity, high-pressure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure tail gas stream. The high-pressure hydrogen stream can be recovered. The low-pressure tail gas stream is compressed and sent to the second hydrogen PSA unit where it is separated into a second high-pressure stream and a second low-pressure tail gas stream. The second high-pressure hydrogen stream can be recycled to the first hydrogen PSA unit for further separation.

A process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the raw synthesis gas from the gasification zone and supplying at least part of the recovered raw synthesis gas to a partial oxidation zone; equilibrating the H.sub.2:CO ratio of the raw synthesis gas in the partial oxidation zone to obtain equilibrated synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the equilibrated synthesis gas from the partial oxidation zone and treating the gas to remove impurities and generate a fine synthesis gas; and converting the optionally adjusted fine synthesis gas into the useful product in a further chemical reaction requiring a usage ratio.

The disclosure provides a system and method for synthesizing ultra-pure hydrogen from biomass waste. The present invention comprises a gasifier, an oils and tars filter, a steam generator, a water gas shift reactor (“WGS”), a heat-exchange two-phase water separator, a scrubber, a hydrogen separator, and fluid conduits in fluid communication with the various system components, which together convert hydrocarbon-based biomass, e.g., woodchips, into ultra-pure hydrogen gas. Fluid conduits connect the gasifier and the steam generator, separately, to the WGS, the WGS to the two-phase separator, the two-phase separator to the scrubber, and the scrubber to the hydrogen separator, which further comprises an outlet port through which hydrogen gas may flow free of carbon monoxide. The hydrogen may flow to a device that utilizes hydrogen to generate energy, such as a hydrogen fuel cell or to an internal combustion engine.

The disclosure provides a system and method for synthesizing ultra-pure hydrogen from biomass waste. The present invention comprises a gasifier, an oils and tars filter, a steam generator, a water gas shift reactor (“WGS”), a heat-exchange two-phase water separator, a scrubber, a hydrogen separator, and fluid conduits in fluid communication with the various system components, which together convert hydrocarbon-based biomass, e.g., woodchips, into ultra-pure hydrogen gas. Fluid conduits connect the gasifier and the steam generator, separately, to the WGS, the WGS to the two-phase separator, the two-phase separator to the scrubber, and the scrubber to the hydrogen separator, which further comprises an outlet port through which hydrogen gas may flow free of carbon monoxide. The hydrogen may flow to a device that utilizes hydrogen to generate energy, such as a hydrogen fuel cell or to an internal combustion engine.

Described is a plant and process for biomass treatment, where the plant is configured to actuate said process which comprises: —a step A of thermochemical treatment of transformation of a biomass into a carbonaceous solid, where this transformation involves treating the biomass at a treatment temperature of between 150° C. and 300° C. and at a treatment pressure of between 10 atm and 50 atm for 0.5-8 hours, in the presence of water, with accessory production of a treatment gas; —a step B of mixing the treatment gas with an auxiliary gas, to obtain operating gas; —a step C of thermochemical decomposition of the carbonaceous solid in an atmosphere consisting of the operating gas, where the thermochemical decomposition is suitable to obtain a combustible synthesis gas. step

Described is a plant and process for biomass treatment, where the plant is configured to actuate said process which comprises: —a step A of thermochemical treatment of transformation of a biomass into a carbonaceous solid, where this transformation involves treating the biomass at a treatment temperature of between 150° C. and 300° C. and at a treatment pressure of between 10 atm and 50 atm for 0.5-8 hours, in the presence of water, with accessory production of a treatment gas; —a step B of mixing the treatment gas with an auxiliary gas, to obtain operating gas; —a step C of thermochemical decomposition of the carbonaceous solid in an atmosphere consisting of the operating gas, where the thermochemical decomposition is suitable to obtain a combustible synthesis gas. step

The invention relates to a method of selectively removing hydrogen sulfide H.sub.2S from a gaseous effluent comprising at least H.sub.2S and CO.sub.2, wherein a stage of selective absorption of hydrogen sulfide over CO.sub.2 is carried out by contacting said effluent with a solution comprising (a) water and (b) at least the following diamine: 1,2-bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane ##STR00001##
and wherein the absorption selectivity is controlled by adding (c) a viscosifying compound to the absorbent solution.

The invention relates to a method of selectively removing hydrogen sulfide H.sub.2S from a gaseous effluent comprising at least H.sub.2S and CO.sub.2, wherein a stage of selective absorption of hydrogen sulfide over CO.sub.2 is carried out by contacting said effluent with a solution comprising (a) water and (b) at least the following diamine: 1,2-bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane ##STR00001##
and wherein the absorption selectivity is controlled by adding (c) a viscosifying compound to the absorbent solution.

Proposed are a process and a plant for producing a synthesis gas product stream having an adjustable H.sub.2/CO ratio and a pure hydrogen stream, wherein it is provided according to the invention that a substream of a deacidified synthesis gas stream is supplied to a membrane separation plant fitted with a hydrogen-selective membrane and the remaining substream is supplied to a pressure swing adsorption plant, wherein the latter affords a pure hydrogen stream and a fuel gas stream. The hydrogen-enriched permeate stream obtained from the membrane separation is likewise supplied to the pressure swing adsorption plant, thus enhancing the yield of pure hydrogen. The hydrogen-depleted retentate stream obtained from the membrane separation is discharged as a synthesis gas product stream and if of a suitable composition may be utilized as oxo gas.