Methods of manufacturing a light-activated powder are provided which provide solid-state generation and release of chlorine dioxide without detectable amounts of any toxic by-products such as chlorine gas, chlorites, or chlorates. The powder need not be exposed to moisture, relative humidity, or an acid before or during exposure of the powder to visible light to generate the gas. The powder can also be prepared under conditions that minimize or prevent decomposition or oxidation of sodium chlorite or premature light activation of the powder during the manufacturing process to maximize its activity.

Apparatuses for generation of a gas, for example chlorine dioxide, methods of forming an apparatus, and methods of use thereof are provided. The apparatus may include at least one pouch composed of a hydrophobic material and a reactant disposed within the interior of the pouch. The reactant generates a desired gas in the presence of an initiating agent.

A chlorine dioxide gas generating device is provided. The device includes a housing, an anode and a cathode, a first reagent and a second reagent, and a hydrophobic membrane. The housing has a cavity. The anode and the cathode are each coupled to and located within the cavity. The first reagent and the second reagent are each located within the cavity. The first reagent and the second reagent are configured to generate chlorine dioxide gas via electrolysis responsive to an electric current being passed into the anode and the cathode. The hydrophobic membrane is coupled to the housing, and is configured to allow the chlorine dioxide gas to exit the housing while preventing fluids from flowing therethrough.

A packed bed catalyst in a pressurized vessel/reactor during contact with a dioxide species precursor enhances catalytic conversion of the precursor to the dioxide species, compared with the same catalytic conversion performed in a non-pressurized vessel/reactor.

It is an object to provide a novel wet wiper in which a sterilization effect and a wiping/cleaning effect are maintained even when the wet wiper is stored for a long period of time. A wet wiper is provided which includes: a fabric; and a chlorine-based treatment agent included in the fabric, wherein the chlorine-based treatment agent includes at least one of chlorous acid (HClO.sub.2), chlorite ion (ClO.sub.2.sup.−), and chlorine dioxide (ClO.sub.2) as an effective chlorine component.

A method and apparatus use conductivity to control the dosing of various chemical additives used in the water treatment industry by modulating the chemical additives within threshold setpoints. Conductivity directly correlates to concentration of chemical additives. This correlation is used to modulate the dosing rates of chemical additives into a process water stream to consistently regulate and balance chemical additive concentration within the process water stream. For example, the method and apparatus dose chlorine dioxide precursor solutions into a process water stream to generate a consistent concentration of aqueous chlorine dioxide.

The invention relates to the chemical industry and can be used in the production of an aqueous chlorine dioxide solution for disinfection, water purification, sterilization and bleaching. To produce a stabilized aqueous chlorine dioxide solution, in the first step two aqueous solutions, (A) and (B), are prepared. To prepare the first solution (A), metallic or ammonium chloride (A1), metallic or ammonium carbonate (A2) and metallic or ammonium bicarbonate (A3) are dissolved in water. The mass ratio of (B1) to (A2+A3) is (2.4-3.0):1. To prepare the second solution (B), metallic or ammonium persulfate (B1) and metallic or ammonium bisulfate (B2) are dissolved in water. The mass ratio of (B1) to (B2) is 3:1. In the second step, solution (B) is added to solution (A). The invention provides maximum production of the end product (aqueous chlorine dioxide solution) that does not have destabilizing side products and can be stored at a temperature of up to 30° C. and at normal atmospheric pressure for at least 12 months.

There are provided a bactericide diffusion apparatus and a bactericide diffusion method that have excellent design and make it possible to stably diffuse a bactericide. A bactericide diffusion apparatus includes: a bactericide containing chlorine dioxide; a first container housing the bactericide and having a first opening; and a second container housing the first container, having a second opening and being made of a ceramic. The first container includes a first portion defining the first opening, a second portion located below the first portion and having a diameter larger than that of the first opening, and a third portion located below the second portion and having a diameter larger than that of the second portion. The second container includes a main body portion housing the first container and having the second opening, and a lid portion fitted to the second opening. The lid portion has a hole for diffusing chlorine dioxide.

The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide manufacturing device that can accurately control the amount of chlorine dioxide produced. The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide gas manufacturing device comprising an electrolysis chamber, a liquid surface level measuring chamber, and a bubbling gas feeding device. The electrolysis chamber and the liquid surface level measuring chamber each comprises an electrolytic solution and a gas, wherein the electrolytic solution comprises an aqueous chlorite solution, and the electrolysis chamber and the liquid surface level measuring chamber are joined to each other above each liquid surface via a gas piping and joined to each other below each liquid surface via an electrolytic solution piping so that the height of the electrolytic solutions contained in each chamber are substantially equal.

The present invention provides a safe, disposable and biodegradable chlorine dioxide micro generator that uses water soluble paper and hydrogel or compressed cellulose encased in filter paper pouch. The chemicals are kept in a stabilize form until activated by the addition of water. Multiple levels of protection against early exposure to water such as a foil pouch and an impermeable outer container allow for the safe transportation and storage in small, ready for deployment amounts of the chemicals. Water permeated the chemical pack housing and dissolves the paper walls of the chemical pouch housing and then the water facilitates the reaction between the acid and the sodium chlorite to form chlorine dioxide gas as will be described further hereunder. Absorbent and permeable materials packaged around the chemicals provide for the safe containment of the chlorine dioxide solution, and the expeditious aeration and release of the chlorine dioxide gas, once the chemical reaction has been completed.