The invention is concerned with a method for combined production of nanomaterials and heat. The method comprises feeding at least one precursor material and a fuel into a combustion unit for the generation of heat and nanoparticles, whereby the precursor material is combusted to be decomposed and oxidized in a sufficient temperature. The heat generated in the combustion of the fuel and the precursor material is recovered by using at least one heat exchanger. The combusted fuel is cooled down and the nanoparticles generated in the form of oxides in the combustion are collected. The system of the invention for combined production of nanomaterials and heat comprises a combustion unit, means for feeding at least one precursor material, fuel and oxidizer into the combustion unit for combustion, a heat exchanger for recovering heat from the combustion unit, and for cooling the combusted fuel, and means for collecting nanomaterials in the form of oxides from the combustion of the precursor material(s).

A method of operating a resistive memory device includes providing a resistive memory device including an array of resistive memory cells, where each of the resistive memory cells includes a resistive memory material having at least two different resistive states, performing a first mode read operation on a group of resistive memory cells within the array, determining a bit error rate for data generated by the first mode read operation, determining whether the determined bit error rate is below a predetermined limit, and performing a second mode read operation on the group of resistive memory cells within the array based on a threshold voltage if the determined bit error rate is above the predetermined limit.

A method of operating a resistive memory device includes providing a resistive memory device including an array of resistive memory cells, where each of the resistive memory cells includes a resistive memory material having at least two different resistive states, performing a first mode read operation on a group of resistive memory cells within the array, determining a bit error rate for data generated by the first mode read operation, determining whether the determined bit error rate is below a predetermined limit, and performing a second mode read operation on the group of resistive memory cells within the array based on a threshold voltage if the determined bit error rate is above the predetermined limit.

A system and process for recovering a metal containing organic and/or inorganic salt solution from a lithium-containing battery material, and chemicals thereof is disclosed. The process includes leaching the lithium-containing battery material in a leaching solution comprising water and sulfuric acid (H.sub.2SO.sub.4) to obtain a leachate solution, adding metal hydroxide (Me(OH).sub.x) to the leachate solution, titrating the leachate solution with an aqueous acid solution to maintain the leachate solution to be at a pH 7.0 or less and obtaining a precipitate comprising metal sulfate (Me.sub.ySO.sub.4), and separating solid forms of metal sulfate (Me.sub.ySO.sub.4) from the leachate solution and acquiring the metal-containing organic and/or inorganic salt solution that can be reused in batteries in a battery manufacturing process

A system and process for recovering a metal containing organic and/or inorganic salt solution from a lithium-containing battery material, and chemicals thereof is disclosed. The process includes leaching the lithium-containing battery material in a leaching solution comprising water and sulfuric acid (H.sub.2SO.sub.4) to obtain a leachate solution, adding metal hydroxide (Me(OH).sub.x) to the leachate solution, titrating the leachate solution with an aqueous acid solution to maintain the leachate solution to be at a pH 7.0 or less and obtaining a precipitate comprising metal sulfate (Me.sub.ySO.sub.4), and separating solid forms of metal sulfate (Me.sub.ySO.sub.4) from the leachate solution and acquiring the metal-containing organic and/or inorganic salt solution that can be reused in batteries in a battery manufacturing process

A process for producing a metal oxide powder comprising: providing a precursor solution or dispersion containing a metal complex; spraying the precursor solution on to a heated substrate in the presence of water, thereby depositing material on the substrate; drying the deposited material; and removing the deposited material from the substrate to produce the metal oxide powder.

A process for producing a metal oxide powder comprising: providing a precursor solution or dispersion containing a metal complex; spraying the precursor solution on to a heated substrate in the presence of water, thereby depositing material on the substrate; drying the deposited material; and removing the deposited material from the substrate to produce the metal oxide powder.

A method for recovering metal values from a molten slag composition includes atomizing the slag with an oxygen-containing gas in a gas atomization apparatus, to produce solid slag granules. Oxygen in the atomizing gas converts metals to magnetic metal compounds, thereby magnetizing the metal-containing slag granules. These metal-containing slag granules are then magnetically separated. Larger amounts of metals may be removed by passing the molten slag through a pre-settling pan with an adjustable base, and/or discontinuing atomization where the metal content of the slag exceeds a predetermined amount. Solid slag granules produced by atomization may be charged to a recovery unit for recovery of one or more metal by-products. An apparatus for recovering metal values from molten slag includes a gas atomization apparatus, a flow control device for controlling the flow of atomizing gas, a control system, and one or more sensors to detect metal values in the slag.

A method for recovering metal values from a molten slag composition includes atomizing the slag with an oxygen-containing gas in a gas atomization apparatus, to produce solid slag granules. Oxygen in the atomizing gas converts metals to magnetic metal compounds, thereby magnetizing the metal-containing slag granules. These metal-containing slag granules are then magnetically separated. Larger amounts of metals may be removed by passing the molten slag through a pre-settling pan with an adjustable base, and/or discontinuing atomization where the metal content of the slag exceeds a predetermined amount. Solid slag granules produced by atomization may be charged to a recovery unit for recovery of one or more metal by-products. An apparatus for recovering metal values from molten slag includes a gas atomization apparatus, a flow control device for controlling the flow of atomizing gas, a control system, and one or more sensors to detect metal values in the slag.

A continuous process for producing a material of a battery cell using a system having a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators and a reactor is provided. A mist generated from a liquid mixture of two or more metal precursor compounds in desired ratio is dried inside the drying chamber. Heated air or gas is served as the gas source for forming various gas-solid mixtures and as the energy source for reactions inside the drying chamber and the reactor. One or more gas-solid separators are used in the system to separate gas-solid mixtures from the drying chamber into solid particles mixed with the metal precursor compounds and continuously deliver the solid particles into the reactor for further reaction to obtain final solid material particles with desired crystal structure, particle size, and morphology.