A process and apparatus for managing hydrogen sulfide in a refinery is provided. In the process, a hydrogen sulfide stream from said refinery is fed to a sulfur recovery unit to produce sulfur and a sulfur compound stream or to a thermal oxidizer. The sulfur compound stream and the hydrogen sulfide stream are then thermally oxidized to produce a sulfur oxide stream. The sulfur oxide stream is then reacted with an ammonia stream. In aspect, the product of the reaction can be a fertilizer. The ammonia stream can be obtained from stripping the hydrogen sulfide stream.

A process plant and a process for production of sulfur from a feedstock gas including from 15% to 100 vol % H.sub.2S and a stream of sulfuric acid, the process including a) providing a Claus reaction furnace feed stream with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen, b) directing to a Claus reaction furnace operating at elevated temperature, c) cooling to provide a cooled Claus converter feed gas, d) directing to contact a material catalytically active in the Claus reaction, e) withdrawing a Claus tail gas and elementary sulfur, f) directing a stream comprising said Claus tail gas to a Claus tail gas treatment, wherein sulfuric acid directed to said Claus reaction furnace is in the form of droplets with 90% of the mass of the droplets having a diameter below 500 μm, with the associated benefit of such a process efficiently converting all liquid H.sub.2SO.sub.4 to gaseous H.sub.2SO.sub.4 and further to SO.sub.2.

Methods for producing cyclododecasulfur are disclosed that include the steps of: reacting a bromide with molecular chlorine to obtain molecular bromine and a chloride; oxidizing the chloride in aqueous solution with removal of electrons to obtain molecular chlorine; reducing water with electrons to obtain hydrogen and a hydroxide; and reacting a metallasulfur derivative with the molecular bromine, to produce cyclododecasulfur and a metallabromide derivative.

A system for resource recycling of sulfur dioxide includes a charcoal reduction furnace, a high temperature dust remover, a cooling separator A, a liquid sulfur tank, a cooling separator, a tail gas absorption tower, a gas stripping tower, a hypo reactor, a centrifuge, a mother liquor tank and a thickener. And a method for resource recycling of sulfur dioxide includes the following steps: (1) preparing elemental sulfur, (2) removing dust from a process gas containing gaseous sulfur, (3) separating elemental sulfur, (4) reabsorbing residual SO.sub.2 gas, (5) purifying sulfur powder, (6) preparing a slurry of cured hypo, (7) performing liquid-solid separation, and (8) preparing an absorption slurry. According to the method, SO.sub.2 gas is reduced into liquid sulfur and sulfur powder, and sodium thiosulfate is coproduced.

Recovering helium from a gaseous stream includes contacting an acid gas removal membrane with a gaseous stream to yield a permeate stream and a residual stream, removing a majority of the acid gas from the residual stream to yield a first acid gas stream and a helium depleted clean gas stream, removing a majority of the acid gas from the permeate stream to yield a second acid gas stream and a helium rich stream, and removing helium from the helium rich stream to yield a helium product stream and a helium depleted stream. A helium removal system for removing helium from a gaseous stream including hydrocarbon gas, acid gas, and helium includes a first processing zone including a first acid gas removal unit, a second processing zone including a second acid gas removal unit, a third processing zone, and a helium purification unit.

Disclosed are methods and systems for reducing elemental sulfur production in a gas production plant that includes receiving produced fluids high in hydrogen sulfide, removing hydrogen sulfide and converting hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur in a Claus unit. An acid gas stream is diverted from a feed line to the Claus unit in the gas processing plant and directed to a multistage acid gas compressor. An elemental sulfur production rate is reduced without reducing a production rate of the produced fluids. The compressed acid gas stream can be injected into a subterranean formation. In some embodiments, the gas production plant is integrated with an oil processing and gas injection plant.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method and system for sulfur recovery. A Claus tail gas stream is fed to a hydrogenation reactor to produce a hydrogenated gas stream. The hydrogenated gas stream is fed to a quench tower to produce a quenched gas stream. The quenched gas stream is fed to a first stage adsorption vessel of first stage adsorption unit to produce a first outlet gas stream. The first outlet gas stream is fed to a second stage adsorption vessel of a second stage adsorption unit to produce a second byproduct gas stream. The first stage adsorption vessel is regenerated to produce a first byproduct gas stream. The second stage adsorption vessel is regenerated to produce a second outlet gas stream including hydrogen sulfide. Optionally, a portion of the second byproduct gas stream or nitrogen can be fed to the first stage adsorption vessel or the second stage adsorption vessel for regeneration. Optionally, a sales gas can be fed to the second stage adsorption vessel for regeneration. Optionally, vacuum can be applied to the first stage adsorption vessel or the second stage adsorption vessel for regeneration.

Decomposing gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) having at least one pump supplying H.sub.2S gas in the form of bubbles; an aqueous acidic phase having at least one redox couple that do not mix with each other because of density difference and form an interface where they contact each other; and at least one column reactor having an organic phase with a density above the density of water and capable to dissolve elementary sulfur, where an oxidation reaction takes place in the interface by which the H.sub.2S bubbles carried into the organic phase through the pump are converted into elementary sulfur.

This invention relates to processes for selective removal of contaminants from effluent gases. A sulfur dioxide absorption/desorption process for selective removal and recovery of sulfur dioxide from effluent gases utilizes a buffered aqueous absorption solution comprising weak inorganic or organic acids or salts thereof, to selectively absorb sulfur dioxide from the effluent gas. Absorbed sulfur dioxide is subsequently stripped to regenerate the absorption solution and produce a sulfur dioxide-enriched gas. A process for simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) from effluent gases and recovery of sulfur dioxide utilizes a buffered aqueous absorption solution including a metal chelate to absorb sulfur dioxide and NO.sub.x from the gas and subsequently reducing absorbed NO.sub.x to form nitrogen. A process to control sulfate salt contaminant concentration in the absorption solution involves partial crystallization and removal of sulfate salt crystals.

The present disclosure is related to the field of chemistry and provides methods and devices for stimulation of endothermic reactions in gas phase with high activation barriers by nanosecond pulsed electrical discharge. It can be used for, e.g., CO.sub.2 functionalization of methane, H.sub.2S dissociation, hydrogen and syngas production, for processing ammonia synthesis and dissociation, etc. Some embodiments include methods and devices associated with the stimulation of plasma chemical reactions with nanosecond pulse electric discharge in the presence of gas flow.