Energy storage is accomplished by producing hydrazine carbonate and later reconverting the hydrazine carbonate to release the energy. Sea water is firstly used in an electrolysis process to prepare hypochlorite. The hypochlorite reacts as a result of introduction of ammonia to produce monochloramine and then hydrazine. The hydrazine reacts as a result of introduction of carbon dioxide to give hydrazine carbonate. To release the energy, the hydrazine carbonate liberates hydrogen or at least a hydrogen-containing gas by reaction over a noble metal-free catalyst. The hydrogen may then be enriched before being fed to a fuel cell.

Energy storage is accomplished by producing hydrazine carbonate and later reconverting the hydrazine carbonate to release the energy. Sea water is firstly used in an electrolysis process to prepare hypochlorite. The hypochlorite reacts as a result of introduction of ammonia to produce monochloramine and then hydrazine. The hydrazine reacts as a result of introduction of carbon dioxide to give hydrazine carbonate. To release the energy, the hydrazine carbonate liberates hydrogen or at least a hydrogen-containing gas by reaction over a noble metal-free catalyst. The hydrogen may then be enriched before being fed to a fuel cell.

The present invention generally relates to the field of gas and liquid phase desiccation. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for removing moisture (and hence oxygen precursors) from hydrazine, thereby providing a high purity source gas suitable for use in vapor deposition processes, such as but not limited to, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or an atomic layer deposition (ALD).

The present invention generally relates to the field of gas and liquid phase desiccation. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for removing moisture (and hence oxygen precursors) from hydrazine, thereby providing a high purity source gas suitable for use in vapor deposition processes, such as but not limited to, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or an atomic layer deposition (ALD).

A floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition system produces nanotubes. The system includes a reaction chamber, a heater for heating a nanotube-material precursor and a catalyst precursor, and an injector for injecting the precursors into the chamber. In the chamber, the catalyst precursor is pyrolysed to produce catalyst particles, and the nanotube-material precursor is pyrolysed in the presence of the catalyst particles in order to produce nanotubes. A controller controls at least one operational parameter, e.g., injection temperatures of the precursors, flow rates of carrier gases of the precursors, and a reaction temperature of the chamber and of the precursors. An injection pipe extends into the chamber to an adjustable extent in order to control the injection temperature of the catalyst precursor and/or the nanotube-material precursor.

Energy storage is accomplished by producing hydrazine carbonate and later reconverting the hydrazine carbonate to release the energy. Sea water is firstly used in an electrolysis process to prepare hypochlorite. The hypochlorite reacts as a result of introduction of ammonia to produce monochloramine and then hydrazine. The hydrazine reacts as a result of introduction of carbon dioxide to give hydrazine carbonate. To release the energy, the hydrazine carbonate liberates hydrogen or at least a hydrogen-containing gas by reaction over a noble metal-free catalyst. The hydrogen may then be enriched before being fed to a fuel cell.

Energy storage is accomplished by producing hydrazine carbonate and later reconverting the hydrazine carbonate to release the energy. Sea water is firstly used in an electrolysis process to prepare hypochlorite. The hypochlorite reacts as a result of introduction of ammonia to produce monochloramine and then hydrazine. The hydrazine reacts as a result of introduction of carbon dioxide to give hydrazine carbonate. To release the energy, the hydrazine carbonate liberates hydrogen or at least a hydrogen-containing gas by reaction over a noble metal-free catalyst. The hydrogen may then be enriched before being fed to a fuel cell.

A process for the production of concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrazine hydrate includes preparation of hydrazine hydrate by a ketazine method using 50-70% hydrogen peroxide, recyclable solid acetamide and ammonium acetate activator for ketazine formation, and catalyst-free hydrolysis of ketazine to provide aqueous solutions of hydrazine hydrate in an energy efficient manner.

A process for the production of concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrazine hydrate includes preparation of hydrazine hydrate by a ketazine method using 50-70% hydrogen peroxide, recyclable solid acetamide and ammonium acetate activator for ketazine formation, and catalyst-free hydrolysis of ketazine to provide aqueous solutions of hydrazine hydrate in an energy efficient manner.

Reactant materials for use in the synthesis of compounds comprising a non-metal and hydrogen, and methods of making and using the same are provided. The reactant materials generally comprise first and second non-metals, metals, a cation, and a transition metal, and can be formed and used in reactions occurring at relatively low-pressure conditions using heat energy that can be supplied via solar radiation. In particular, the reactant materials can be used in the synthesis of ammonia and various hydrocarbon compounds using air, water, and sunlight.