A method of acid manufacturing using acid cation resins for recycling salt and/or salt products from wastes and/or waste waters utilizes a brine solution, an acid cation resin, an acid solution, and an ion exchanger. The acid cation resin is into hydrogen form with the acid solution within the ion exchanger. The acid cation resin is then washed using water with salinity to remove any excess acid from the exterior of the acid cation resin. A selected brine of salts is then prepared of the desired acid(s) to be produced. The desired acid is produced by contacting the acid cation resin containing cations in concentration with the selected brine. A second ion exchange reaction is executed to substitute hydrogen for cations in the selected brine.

A method of acid manufacturing using ion exchange resin allows for the production of acids on location where the acid is being utilized to prevent the necessity of transporting the acid. An ion exchange medium provides a medium for substituting hydrogen ions for salt cations within a salt solution in order to protonate the salt solution. As the salt solution becomes protonated to form an acid solution from the respective salt anion as the concentration of hydrogen increases. The ion exchange medium is recharged with a hydrogen ion source solution. The ion exchange resin is safe to transport even while charged with hydrogen ions.

An embodiment system for lubricating a hydrogen injector in a vehicle includes an extraction and separation device configured to collect at least a fraction of an exhaust gas of a hydrogen combustion engine and separate a water component from the collected fraction of the exhaust gas to provide liquid water and dried exhaust gas and a reactor connected to the extraction and separation device and configured to generate nitric acid from the liquid water and a nitrogen oxide content of the dried exhaust gas, wherein the hydrogen injector is connected to the reactor and configured to receive the generated nitric acid for lubrication.

An embodiment system for lubricating a hydrogen injector in a vehicle includes an extraction and separation device configured to collect at least a fraction of an exhaust gas of a hydrogen combustion engine and separate a water component from the collected fraction of the exhaust gas to provide liquid water and dried exhaust gas and a reactor connected to the extraction and separation device and configured to generate nitric acid from the liquid water and a nitrogen oxide content of the dried exhaust gas, wherein the hydrogen injector is connected to the reactor and configured to receive the generated nitric acid for lubrication.

An integrated process for the synthesis of ammonia and nitric acid, including the production of hydrogen from electrolysis of water, is controlled by a selective switching between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, wherein in the first mode of operation ammonia is produced in excess and is stored in a suitable ammonia storage: in the second mode of operation the ammonia from said ammonia storage is used to provide an additional input of ammonia to the production of nitric acid: the switching between said first mode and second mode is based on the amount of power which is transferred to the electrolysis of water.

An integrated process for the synthesis of ammonia and nitric acid, including the production of hydrogen from electrolysis of water, is controlled by a selective switching between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, wherein in the first mode of operation ammonia is produced in excess and is stored in a suitable ammonia storage: in the second mode of operation the ammonia from said ammonia storage is used to provide an additional input of ammonia to the production of nitric acid: the switching between said first mode and second mode is based on the amount of power which is transferred to the electrolysis of water.

A process for preparing nitric acid may involve vaporizing ammonia in at least one first ammonia vaporizer to produce an ammonia gas, oxidizing this ammonia gas to nitrogen dioxide in a plant section of a nitric acid plant, and absorbing the nitrogen dioxide in water to produce nitric acid. A residual gas containing nitrous gases may be taken off from the plant section of the nitric acid plant and conveyed to a residual-gas cleaning apparatus. The residual gas containing nitrous gases may be reduced by means of ammonia in the residual-gas cleaning apparatus, wherein ammonia-containing wastewater obtained in the at least one first ammonia vaporizer may be conveyed to the residual-gas cleaning apparatus. Such a process may eliminate or at least substantially reduce ammonia-containing wastewater. Furthermore, a plant can be used in this process for preparing nitric acid.

A process for preparing nitric acid may involve vaporizing ammonia in at least one first ammonia vaporizer to produce an ammonia gas, oxidizing this ammonia gas to nitrogen dioxide in a plant section of a nitric acid plant, and absorbing the nitrogen dioxide in water to produce nitric acid. A residual gas containing nitrous gases may be taken off from the plant section of the nitric acid plant and conveyed to a residual-gas cleaning apparatus. The residual gas containing nitrous gases may be reduced by means of ammonia in the residual-gas cleaning apparatus, wherein ammonia-containing wastewater obtained in the at least one first ammonia vaporizer may be conveyed to the residual-gas cleaning apparatus. Such a process may eliminate or at least substantially reduce ammonia-containing wastewater. Furthermore, a plant can be used in this process for preparing nitric acid.

An embodiment system for lubricating a hydrogen injector in a vehicle includes an extraction and separation device configured to collect at least a fraction of an exhaust gas of a hydrogen combustion engine and separate a water component from the collected fraction of the exhaust gas to provide liquid water and dried exhaust gas and a reactor connected to the extraction and separation device and configured to generate nitric acid from the liquid water and a nitrogen oxide content of the dried exhaust gas, wherein the hydrogen injector is connected to the reactor and configured to receive the generated nitric acid for lubrication.

An embodiment system for lubricating a hydrogen injector in a vehicle includes an extraction and separation device configured to collect at least a fraction of an exhaust gas of a hydrogen combustion engine and separate a water component from the collected fraction of the exhaust gas to provide liquid water and dried exhaust gas and a reactor connected to the extraction and separation device and configured to generate nitric acid from the liquid water and a nitrogen oxide content of the dried exhaust gas, wherein the hydrogen injector is connected to the reactor and configured to receive the generated nitric acid for lubrication.