The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600 C., preferably above 700 C., more preferably above 900 C., even more preferably above 1000 C., more preferably above 1100 C., preferably up to 3000 C., more preferably up to 2500 C., most preferably up to 2000 C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbon precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.

Provided is a shortened fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB) obtained by shortening a CNB having a length of 1 m or more and a diameter in the short direction in the range of 30 to 100 nm, by oxidizing, stirring in an acid solution, subjecting to an ultrasonic treatment in a liquid, followed by cutting. The shortened CNB has an end surface on which no tip of the plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns is disposed toward the longitudinal direction at least one end in the longitudinal direction, and has an excellent dispersibility by shortening the length to less than 1 m.

Composite material units (CMU) of the structure (SE1-ML-LinkerL-Ligand2-SE2), are provided, wherein ML is a Mechanical Ligand, LinkerL is a chemical bond or entity that covalently links ML and Ligand2, Ligand2 is a chemical entity that is covalently linked to the structural entity SE2, or forms a mechanical bond with the structural entity SE2, and SE1 and SE2 are structural entities.

Provided is a mounting member that is excellent in low dusting property and hardly contaminates an object to be mounted while being excellent in gripping force and heat resistance. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting member includes an aggregate of carbon nanotubes for forming amounting surface, wherein a standard deviation of diameters of the carbon nanotubes is 3 nm or less. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting member includes an aggregate of carbon nanotubes for forming a mounting surface, wherein the aggregate of the carbon nanotubes includes carbon nanotubes each having a multi-walled structure, and wherein a standard deviation of wall numbers of the carbon nanotubes is 3 or less.

Provided is a mounting member that is excellent in low dusting property and hardly contaminates an object to be mounted while being excellent in gripping force and heat resistance. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting member includes an aggregate of carbon nanotubes for forming amounting surface, wherein a standard deviation of diameters of the carbon nanotubes is 3 nm or less. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting member includes an aggregate of carbon nanotubes for forming a mounting surface, wherein the aggregate of the carbon nanotubes includes carbon nanotubes each having a multi-walled structure, and wherein a standard deviation of wall numbers of the carbon nanotubes is 3 or less.

Disclosed are a heat conductive sheet including a resin and a particulate carbon material, and having an Asker C hardness at 25 C. of 60 or more and a thermal resistance value under a pressure of 0.5 MPa of 0.20 C./W or less, a method of producing a heat conductive sheet, and a heat dissipation device including the heat conductive sheet interposed between a heat source and a heat radiator.

Disclosed are a heat conductive sheet including a resin and a particulate carbon material, and having an Asker C hardness at 25 C. of 60 or more and a thermal resistance value under a pressure of 0.5 MPa of 0.20 C./W or less, a method of producing a heat conductive sheet, and a heat dissipation device including the heat conductive sheet interposed between a heat source and a heat radiator.

Provided is a heterofullerene where n number (where n is a positive even number) of carbon atoms constituting a fullerene are substituted by n number of boron atoms or n number of nitrogen atoms.

A fullerene-metal nanocomposite is described that comprises a metal nanoparticle bonded to a functionalized fullerene compound. A useful method of making a fullerene-metal nanocomposite is also described. The method consists essentially of the steps of mixing a solution of metal salt or metal ion with a functionalized fullerene compound, and purifying the fullerene-metal nanocomposite from the solution. Also described are antimicrobial surfaces, comprising a substrate surface and a coating on the substrate surface comprising a fullerene-metal nanocomposite that includes a metal nanoparticle bonded to a functionalized fullerene compound.