A low carbon footprint material is used to decrease the carbon dioxide emission for production of a high carbon footprint substance. A method of forming composite materials comprises providing a first high carbon footprint substance; providing a carbon nanomaterial produced with a carbon-footprint of less than 10 unit weight of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) emission during production of 1 unit weight of the carbon nanomaterial; and forming a composite comprising the high carbon footprint substance and from 0.001 wt % to 25 wt % of the carbon nanomaterial, wherein the carbon nanomaterial is homogeneously dispersed in the composite to reduce the carbon dioxide emission for producing the composite material relative to the high carbon footprint substance.

The present disclosure relates to a method for production of nitrogen-doped single wall carbon nanohorns from anode graphite of wasted lithium-ion batteries. The method includes the following steps: a first step: forming recycled graphite powder into graphite blocks; and, a second contact step: when the first step is completed, using a DC arc plasma device to produce the graphite blocks into N-SWCNHs.

The present disclosure relates to a method for production of nitrogen-doped single wall carbon nanohorns from anode graphite of wasted lithium-ion batteries. The method includes the following steps: a first step: forming recycled graphite powder into graphite blocks; and, a second contact step: when the first step is completed, using a DC arc plasma device to produce the graphite blocks into N-SWCNHs.

This relates to a device for detecting or converting light or heat energy, the device comprising: a Graphene sheet formed into a scroll such as to provide a monolayer structure in which the radius of curvature of the graphene sheet increases on increasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the scroll.

This relates to a device for detecting or converting light or heat energy, the device comprising: a Graphene sheet formed into a scroll such as to provide a monolayer structure in which the radius of curvature of the graphene sheet increases on increasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the scroll.

Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode, an electrode manufactured thereby, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode, and a fuel cell containing the membrane-electrode assembly. The method includes the steps of: preparing an electrode forming composition by mixing a catalyst with an ionomer; applying a low-frequency acoustic energy to the electrode forming composition to perform resonant vibratory mixing so as to coat the ionomer on the surface of the catalyst; and coating the electrode forming composition to manufacture an electrode.

Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode, an electrode manufactured thereby, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode, and a fuel cell containing the membrane-electrode assembly. The method includes the steps of: preparing an electrode forming composition by mixing a catalyst with an ionomer; applying a low-frequency acoustic energy to the electrode forming composition to perform resonant vibratory mixing so as to coat the ionomer on the surface of the catalyst; and coating the electrode forming composition to manufacture an electrode.

A method of detecting an abnormal growth of graphene includes: preparing an inspection target having a graphene film formed on a substrate by CVD; receiving light from the graphene film by using a dark field optical system; and inspecting the received light, thereby detecting the abnormal growth of the graphene.

A method of detecting an abnormal growth of graphene includes: preparing an inspection target having a graphene film formed on a substrate by CVD; receiving light from the graphene film by using a dark field optical system; and inspecting the received light, thereby detecting the abnormal growth of the graphene.

A system and process for producing doped carbon nanomaterials is disclosed. A carbonate electrolyte including a doping component is provided during the electrolysis between an anode and a cathode immersed in carbonate electrolyte contained in a cell. The carbonate electrolyte is heated to a molten state. An electrical current is applied to the anode, and cathode, to the molten carbonate electrolyte disposed between the anode and cathode. A morphology element maximizes carbon nanotubes, versus graphene versus carbon nano-onion versus hollow carbon nano-sphere nanomaterial product. The resulting carbon nanomaterial growth is collected from the cathode of the cell.