Embodiments disclosed herein relate to low-cost methods of producing a carbon foam through a partial solvent extraction process and sintering process carried out at atmospheric pressure. Given that the carbon foam is produced at atmospheric pressure, the methods disclosed herein may include a continuous process.

The present disclosure relates to a pellicle that can achieve both a high EUV transmittance and a uniformity in EUV transmittance by including a graphite thin film having a film thickness of 5 nm or more and 30 nm or less and a surface roughness (Sa) of 0.1 nm or more and 500 nm or less.

A graphite sheet can be combined with a base even without the need for use of an adhesive. A surface layer porous graphite sheet includes: a graphite layer and a porous layer arranged on one or both surfaces of the graphite layer. The porous layer has pores having a pore diameter X that is measured on a surface of the porous layer and pores having a pore diameter Y that is measured inside the porous layer and that is larger than the pore diameter X. A porosity in a cross section of the surface layer porous graphite sheet satisfies a predetermined condition.

Carbon dioxide can be converted into a higher energy product by contacting carbon dioxide with a polarized monocrystalline magnesium oxide producing at least in part carbon. Further a novel crystalline magnesium oxide carbon composite comprising crystalline magnesium oxide and crystalline carbon having graphene structure which are interwoven is provided.

Carbon dioxide can be converted into a higher energy product by contacting carbon dioxide with a polarized monocrystalline magnesium oxide producing at least in part carbon. Further a novel crystalline magnesium oxide carbon composite comprising crystalline magnesium oxide and crystalline carbon having graphene structure which are interwoven is provided.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a high-density artificial graphite electrode without substantially changing a particle size or a proportion of needle coke used, increasing an amount of binder pitch, or performing extrusion molding at a high molding pressure. The method for manufacturing a high-density artificial graphite electrode is kneading binder pitch into needle coke, performing extrusion molding thereof, and then calcining and graphitizing thereof, wherein needle coke obtained by performing coke shape changing treatment for at least some of pulverized needle coke to be used, thereby increasing a ratio of an enveloping perimeter/a perimeter by 1% or more as compared with a value before the changing is used. Here, the enveloping perimeter is a length of a perimeter when apexes of convex portions of the pulverized needle coke are connected to each other via the shortest distance, and the perimeter is a length of a perimeter of a particle.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a high-density artificial graphite electrode without substantially changing a particle size or a proportion of needle coke used, increasing an amount of binder pitch, or performing extrusion molding at a high molding pressure. The method for manufacturing a high-density artificial graphite electrode is kneading binder pitch into needle coke, performing extrusion molding thereof, and then calcining and graphitizing thereof, wherein needle coke obtained by performing coke shape changing treatment for at least some of pulverized needle coke to be used, thereby increasing a ratio of an enveloping perimeter/a perimeter by 1% or more as compared with a value before the changing is used. Here, the enveloping perimeter is a length of a perimeter when apexes of convex portions of the pulverized needle coke are connected to each other via the shortest distance, and the perimeter is a length of a perimeter of a particle.

A molding material for producing the carbon clusters using biomass as the main raw material, comprising the biomass and a binder as the derived raw material, wherein the molding material is graphitized, the electrical resistivity of the molding material is equal to or less than 100 μΩm, the diffraction pattern of the molding material by powder X-ray diffraction method has one peak between 2θ(θ is the Bragg angle) of 26 to 27°, and the value of ⅓ width divided by the base of the peak is equal to or less than 0.68. The method for producing the molding material for producing the carbon clusters according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising following steps of: obtaining a molded precursor containing a calcined biomass and a binder; optionally, further baking the precursor; and graphitizing the precursor at a temperature of 2500° C. or higher.

A molding material for producing the carbon clusters using biomass as the main raw material, comprising the biomass and a binder as the derived raw material, wherein the molding material is graphitized, the electrical resistivity of the molding material is equal to or less than 100 μΩm, the diffraction pattern of the molding material by powder X-ray diffraction method has one peak between 2θ(θ is the Bragg angle) of 26 to 27°, and the value of ⅓ width divided by the base of the peak is equal to or less than 0.68. The method for producing the molding material for producing the carbon clusters according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising following steps of: obtaining a molded precursor containing a calcined biomass and a binder; optionally, further baking the precursor; and graphitizing the precursor at a temperature of 2500° C. or higher.

The present application discloses a negative electrode active material and a method for preparation thereof, a secondary battery, and an apparatus including the secondary battery. The negative electrode active material includes a core and a coating layer covering a surface of the core, the core includes artificial graphite, the coating layer includes amorphous carbon, the negative electrode active material has a surface area average particle size D(3,2) denoted as A, the negative electrode active material has a surface area average particle size D(3,2) denoted as B after powder compaction under a pressure of 20 kN, and the negative electrode active material satisfies: 72%≤B/A×100%≤82%.