This application discloses a negative-electrode active material and a preparation method thereof, a secondary battery, and a battery module, a battery pack, and an apparatus that include such secondary battery. The negative-electrode active material includes a core and a coating layer covering at least part of a surface of the core, where the core includes artificial graphite, the coating layer includes amorphous carbon, a volume-based particle size distribution of the negative-electrode active material satisfies D.sub.v99≤24 μm, a volume-based median particle size D.sub.v50 of the negative-electrode active material satisfies 8 μm≤D.sub.v≤15 μm, D.sub.v99 is a particle size corresponding to a cumulative volume distribution percentage of the negative-electrode active material reaching 99%, and WO is a particle size corresponding to a cumulative volume distribution percentage of the negative-electrode active material reaching 50%.

A method for producing carbon or graphite foam parts with high purity level for high-temperature insulation under vacuum or protective gas, as insulating material or as filter material, includes the following steps: introducing dry, foamable starch (1) into an open-top container (2) having a round or angular cross section, until the base (3) of the container (2) is covered amply and uniformly with starch (1); introducing the container (2) partly filled with starch (1) into an oven (4), and heating the container (2) to a foaming temperature of >180° C. over a prolonged period of several hours to foam the starch (1), until the container (2) has filled completely with carbon foam (6); withdrawing the container (2) from the oven (4) and extracting the carbon foam (6) after sufficient cooling, and optionally portioning the carbon foam (6) into carbon foam parts (6.1).

A method for producing carbon or graphite foam parts with high purity level for high-temperature insulation under vacuum or protective gas, as insulating material or as filter material, includes the following steps: introducing dry, foamable starch (1) into an open-top container (2) having a round or angular cross section, until the base (3) of the container (2) is covered amply and uniformly with starch (1); introducing the container (2) partly filled with starch (1) into an oven (4), and heating the container (2) to a foaming temperature of >180° C. over a prolonged period of several hours to foam the starch (1), until the container (2) has filled completely with carbon foam (6); withdrawing the container (2) from the oven (4) and extracting the carbon foam (6) after sufficient cooling, and optionally portioning the carbon foam (6) into carbon foam parts (6.1).

An object of the present invention is to provide a composite material usable as a negative electrode material of a lithium-ion secondary battery.

A composite material of the present invention includes: a carbonaceous material; and a metal oxide layer coating a surface of the carbonaceous material, in which the metal oxide layer coats the surface of the carbonaceous material, forming a sea-island structure in which the metal oxide layer is scattered in islands, and a coating rate of the carbonaceous material with the metal oxide layer is 20% or more and 80% or less.

A composite material of the present invention includes: a carbonaceous material; and a metal oxide layer and amorphous carbon layer coating the surface of the carbonaceous material, in which the metal oxide layer is scattered in islands on the surface of the carbonaceous material.

A composite material of the present invention includes: a carbonaceous material; and a metal oxide layer coating the surface of the carbonaceous material, in which the metal oxide layer has at least a portion having a thickness of more than 10 nm, and in a coated area with the metal oxide, an area percentage of a portion having a thickness of 10 nm or less is 70% or more and 99% or less, and an area percentage of the portion having a thickness of more than 10 nm is 1% or more and 30% or less. A composite material of the present invention also includes: a carbonaceous material; and a metal oxide layer and amorphous carbon layer coating the surface of the carbonaceous material, in which the metal oxide layer has at least a portion having a thickness of more than 10 nm, and in a coated area with the metal oxide layer, an area percentage of a portion having a thickness of 10 nm or less is 30% or more and 70% or less, and an area percentage of the portion having a thickness of more than 10 nm is 30% or more and 70% or less.

The present invention relates to cross-linked and recyclable nanocompounds obtained by in situ terminal treatment of raw carbonaceous materials, including charcoal, tar, activated carbon, pyrolytic carbon, coke, graphite or others having conductive structures, including graphite, graphene, different carbon nanotubes, fullerenes or a combination thereof or their derivatives, and a polymer capable of dispersing and reversibly stabilising said components, having viscous or fluid behaviour below 200° C., and may have pendant groups acting as diene or dienophile, including furan-functionalised aliphatic polyketones, furan-functionalised polyesters, ethylene rubber with propylene functionalised with furan groups or a combination thereof. Derived materials, method of obtainment and their uses as a thermostable, thermoreversible, thermoadhesive, thermoconductive, electroconductive, self-repairing additive or matrix capable of converting electricity into heat or a combination thereof and in self-assembling or self-repairing, thermoconductive, electroconductive materials capable of converting electricity into heat or a combination thereof.

A negative electrode active material, including: a graphite core; a first carbon coating layer on the graphite core; and a second carbon coating layer on the first carbon coating layer, wherein a crystallinity of the second carbon coating layer is lower than a crystallinity of the first carbon coating layer, or the second carbon coating layer includes hard carbon and the first carbon coating layer includes soft carbon. A negative electrode including the negative electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same are also disclosed.

A negative electrode active material, including: a graphite core; a first carbon coating layer on the graphite core; and a second carbon coating layer on the first carbon coating layer, wherein a crystallinity of the second carbon coating layer is lower than a crystallinity of the first carbon coating layer, or the second carbon coating layer includes hard carbon and the first carbon coating layer includes soft carbon. A negative electrode including the negative electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same are also disclosed.

A positive electrode material of the present disclosure includes: a material represented by the following composition formula (1); and a carbon material capable of occluding at least one selected from the group consisting of a simple substance of halogen and a halide, Li.sub.aM.sub.bX.sub.c . . . Formula (1) where a, b, and c are each a value greater than 0, M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements, and X includes a halogen element.

A graphite anode material, an anode, a lithium ion battery and preparation methods thereof. The graphite anode material includes a natural graphite core, a carbon coating layer, and a graphitizing filler. The natural graphite core has pores. The graphitizing filler is filled in the pores inside the natural graphite core. The graphitizing filler further forms the carbon coating layer. The preparation method includes: mixing natural graphite with a filler, and then pulverizing to obtain a graphite powder body; and graphitizing the graphite powder body in a protective atmosphere to obtain a graphite anode material. The preparation method reduces material turnover and residual loss, and achieves simple process and high production efficiency. The anode and lithium ion battery prepared have high first efficiency and excellent cycling performance.

A graphite anode material, an anode, a lithium ion battery and preparation methods thereof. The graphite anode material includes a natural graphite core, a carbon coating layer, and a graphitizing filler. The natural graphite core has pores. The graphitizing filler is filled in the pores inside the natural graphite core. The graphitizing filler further forms the carbon coating layer. The preparation method includes: mixing natural graphite with a filler, and then pulverizing to obtain a graphite powder body; and graphitizing the graphite powder body in a protective atmosphere to obtain a graphite anode material. The preparation method reduces material turnover and residual loss, and achieves simple process and high production efficiency. The anode and lithium ion battery prepared have high first efficiency and excellent cycling performance.