A method for fabricating nanodiamond particles in a nanodiamond fabrication reactor, which method entails: a) forming a composite of a plurality of diamond monolayers interspersed with a plurality of non-monolayer dihydrobenzvalene (DHB), one over the other, by reacting kinetically energized carbyne radicals with a supported layer of DHB, thus sealing off any subtended, unreacted DHB from further reaction with the kinetically energized carbyne radicals. b) subjecting the diamond monolayers to an anvil having a nanomachined strike face, with sufficient force to fracture the diamond monolayers, to thereby produce nanodiamond having a shape in the X-Y plane matching that of the nanomachined strike face and a Z-axis dimension (thickness) which is that of a diamond monolayer.

A method for fabricating nanodiamond particles in a nanodiamond fabrication reactor, which method entails: a) forming a composite of a plurality of diamond monolayers interspersed with a plurality of non-monolayer dihydrobenzvalene (DHB), one over the other, by reacting kinetically energized carbyne radicals with a supported layer of DHB, thus sealing off any subtended, unreacted DHB from further reaction with the kinetically energized carbyne radicals. b) subjecting the diamond monolayers to an anvil having a nanomachined strike face, with sufficient force to fracture the diamond monolayers, to thereby produce nanodiamond having a shape in the X-Y plane matching that of the nanomachined strike face and a Z-axis dimension (thickness) which is that of a diamond monolayer.

The present invention is to provide a method for producing nanodiamonds doped with a Group 14 element, the method comprising: detonating by exploding an explosive composition containing at least one explosive and at least one Group 14 element compound in a sealed container to obtain nanodiamonds doped with at least one Group 14 element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, and removing the Group 14 element and/or oxide thereof by subjecting the nanodiamonds doped with a Group 14 element to an alkali treatment.

Provided is a method for producing a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group containing a polyglycerin chain in an industrially efficient and safe manner, the surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent solubility or dispersibility in water and a polar organic solvent and great dispersion stability. In an aliphatic alcohol solvent having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a nanodiamond or a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group represented by Formula (1): —X.sup.1—H (1), where in Formula (1), X.sup.1 represents —NH—, —O—, —COO—, or the like, is subjected to ring-opening addition polymerization with glycidol, so as to obtain a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group containing a polyglycerin chain represented by Formula (2): —X—R (2), where in Formula (2), X represents a single bond, —NH—, —O—, —COO—, or the like, and R represents a polyglyceryl group.

Provided is a method for producing a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group containing a polyglycerin chain in an industrially efficient and safe manner, the surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent solubility or dispersibility in water and a polar organic solvent and great dispersion stability. In an aliphatic alcohol solvent having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a nanodiamond or a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group represented by Formula (1): —X.sup.1—H (1), where in Formula (1), X.sup.1 represents —NH—, —O—, —COO—, or the like, is subjected to ring-opening addition polymerization with glycidol, so as to obtain a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group containing a polyglycerin chain represented by Formula (2): —X—R (2), where in Formula (2), X represents a single bond, —NH—, —O—, —COO—, or the like, and R represents a polyglyceryl group.

A method of a growing an embedded single crystal diamond structure, comprising: disposing a single crystal diamond on a non-diamond substrate, wherein the non-diamond substrate is larger than the single crystal diamond; masking a top portion of the single crystal diamond using a masking material; and using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth chamber, growing polycrystalline diamond material surrounding the single crystal diamond in order to join the single crystal diamond to the polycrystalline diamond material.

A method of a growing an embedded single crystal diamond structure, comprising: disposing a single crystal diamond on a non-diamond substrate, wherein the non-diamond substrate is larger than the single crystal diamond; masking a top portion of the single crystal diamond using a masking material; and using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth chamber, growing polycrystalline diamond material surrounding the single crystal diamond in order to join the single crystal diamond to the polycrystalline diamond material.

The synthesis of sub-five-nanometer nanodiamonds with high uniformity and purity. Inspired by the formation of natural diamond, iron carbide nanoparticles embedded in iron oxide matrices as the carbon source were used. High-pressure-high-temperature treatment of the precursor yields nanodiamonds with tunable diameters down to 2.13 nm and 0.22-nm standard deviation. The disclosed synthesis procedures also include a method for forming fluorescent nanodiamonds.

The synthesis of sub-five-nanometer nanodiamonds with high uniformity and purity. Inspired by the formation of natural diamond, iron carbide nanoparticles embedded in iron oxide matrices as the carbon source were used. High-pressure-high-temperature treatment of the precursor yields nanodiamonds with tunable diameters down to 2.13 nm and 0.22-nm standard deviation. The disclosed synthesis procedures also include a method for forming fluorescent nanodiamonds.

An apparatus for the manufacture of synthetic diamonds includes a pressure vessel having a chamber therein, and a body located in the chamber. The pressure vessel and the body are formed of materials having different coefficients of expansion. The coefficient of expansion of the body is greater than the coefficient of expansion of the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel is formed from a material having a melting point in excess of 1327° C. and capable of withstanding a pressure of at least 4.4 Gpa at a temperature of at least 1327° C. The chamber is configured to receive the body, and a carbon source, the apparatus further comprising a heating means configured to heat at least the body to a temperature at least of 1327° C. The coefficient of expansion of the body is selected such that upon heating thereof to at least 1327° C. the pressure exerted on the carbon source is at least 4.4 Gpa.