The method is capable of effectively labeling the nanodiamonds with radioactive gallium and can be operated at room temperature, and therefore is convenient to operate and does not require further purification to obtain the nanodiamonds labelled with radioactive gallium with a purity of at least 99%

An ink includes a boron-doped nanodiamond having a specific surface area of 110 m.sup.2/g or greater, and electrical conductivity at 20° C. of 5.0×10.sup.−3 S/cm or greater.

An ink includes a boron-doped nanodiamond having a specific surface area of 110 m.sup.2/g or greater, and electrical conductivity at 20° C. of 5.0×10.sup.−3 S/cm or greater.

A method anneals one or more diamonds. The method provides a furnace having a chamber with a heating element configured to radiatively heat a diamond. The diamond is positioned within the chamber, and levels of gas within the chamber are modulated to achieve a prescribed pressure. The diamond is heated to a prescribed temperature using a given heating ramp rate. The given heating ramp rate is greater than about 60° C. per minute and less than about 800° C. per minute. The prescribed temperature is greater than about 1,350° C. and less than about 2,200° C. The prescribed pressure is greater than 1×10{circumflex over ( )}−9 Torr and less than about 550 Torr.

A method anneals one or more diamonds. The method provides a furnace having a chamber with a heating element configured to radiatively heat a diamond. The diamond is positioned within the chamber, and levels of gas within the chamber are modulated to achieve a prescribed pressure. The diamond is heated to a prescribed temperature using a given heating ramp rate. The given heating ramp rate is greater than about 60° C. per minute and less than about 800° C. per minute. The prescribed temperature is greater than about 1,350° C. and less than about 2,200° C. The prescribed pressure is greater than 1×10{circumflex over ( )}−9 Torr and less than about 550 Torr.

An apparatus for fabricating diamond by carbon assembly, which comprises: a) a hydrocarbon radical generator in operable connection with b) a mass flow conduit extending from the hydrocarbon radical generator in a) to an interface and into a primary magnetic accelerator containing one or more electromagnets in operable connection with c) a diamond fabrication reactor comprising a diamond forming deposition substrate. Also disclosed is a method for fabricating diamond by shockwaves using the disclosed apparatus.

An apparatus for fabricating diamond by carbon assembly, which comprises: a) a hydrocarbon radical generator in operable connection with b) a mass flow conduit extending from the hydrocarbon radical generator in a) to an interface and into a primary magnetic accelerator containing one or more electromagnets in operable connection with c) a diamond fabrication reactor comprising a diamond forming deposition substrate. Also disclosed is a method for fabricating diamond by shockwaves using the disclosed apparatus.

An article including a durable, optically transparent, and superhydrophobic coating is described. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an article comprising a substrate, and disposed adjacent the substrate, a layer comprising graphitic carbon, diamond-like carbon, and aerogel. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a coated substrate, comprising providing a carbon layer disposed on a substrate and having a textured surface; and disposing aerogel adjacent to at least a portion of the textured surface.

An article including a durable, optically transparent, and superhydrophobic coating is described. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an article comprising a substrate, and disposed adjacent the substrate, a layer comprising graphitic carbon, diamond-like carbon, and aerogel. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a coated substrate, comprising providing a carbon layer disposed on a substrate and having a textured surface; and disposing aerogel adjacent to at least a portion of the textured surface.

Provided is a synthetic single crystal diamond containing conjugants each composed of one vacancy and one boron atom, wherein the concentration of boron atoms based on atom numbers is 0.1 ppm or more and 100 ppm or less.