A laser activated luminescence system is provided. Another aspect pertains to a system employing a plasma assisted vapor deposition reactor which creates diamond layers on a substrate, in combination with a laser system to at least photoactivate and anneal the diamond layers. Yet another aspect of the present system uses a laser to assist with placement of color centers, such as nitrogen vacancy centers, in diamond. The present method uses lasers to manufacture more than two activated nitrogen vacancy center nodes in a diamond substrate, with nanometer spatial resolution and at a predetermined depth.

A laser activated luminescence system is provided. Another aspect pertains to a system employing a plasma assisted vapor deposition reactor which creates diamond layers on a substrate, in combination with a laser system to at least photoactivate and anneal the diamond layers. Yet another aspect of the present system uses a laser to assist with placement of color centers, such as nitrogen vacancy centers, in diamond. The present method uses lasers to manufacture more than two activated nitrogen vacancy center nodes in a diamond substrate, with nanometer spatial resolution and at a predetermined depth.

Provided is a method for producing a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group containing a polyglycerin chain in an industrially efficient and safe manner, the surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent solubility or dispersibility in water and a polar organic solvent and great dispersion stability. In an aliphatic alcohol solvent having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a nanodiamond or a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group represented by Formula (1): —X.sup.1—H (1), where in Formula (1), X.sup.1 represents —NH—, —O—, —COO—, or the like, is subjected to ring-opening addition polymerization with glycidol, so as to obtain a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group containing a polyglycerin chain represented by Formula (2): —X—R (2), where in Formula (2), X represents a single bond, —NH—, —O—, —COO—, or the like, and R represents a polyglyceryl group.

Provided is a method for producing a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group containing a polyglycerin chain in an industrially efficient and safe manner, the surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent solubility or dispersibility in water and a polar organic solvent and great dispersion stability. In an aliphatic alcohol solvent having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a nanodiamond or a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group represented by Formula (1): —X.sup.1—H (1), where in Formula (1), X.sup.1 represents —NH—, —O—, —COO—, or the like, is subjected to ring-opening addition polymerization with glycidol, so as to obtain a surface-modified nanodiamond having its surface modified with a group containing a polyglycerin chain represented by Formula (2): —X—R (2), where in Formula (2), X represents a single bond, —NH—, —O—, —COO—, or the like, and R represents a polyglyceryl group.

A method of a growing an embedded single crystal diamond structure, comprising: disposing a single crystal diamond on a non-diamond substrate, wherein the non-diamond substrate is larger than the single crystal diamond; masking a top portion of the single crystal diamond using a masking material; and using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth chamber, growing polycrystalline diamond material surrounding the single crystal diamond in order to join the single crystal diamond to the polycrystalline diamond material.

A method of a growing an embedded single crystal diamond structure, comprising: disposing a single crystal diamond on a non-diamond substrate, wherein the non-diamond substrate is larger than the single crystal diamond; masking a top portion of the single crystal diamond using a masking material; and using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth chamber, growing polycrystalline diamond material surrounding the single crystal diamond in order to join the single crystal diamond to the polycrystalline diamond material.

A substrate comprising diamond has NV.sup.- centers in a concentration greater than about 0.5 parts per million (ppm). The method for producing this diamond substrate includes providing diamond being doped with nitrogen, irradiating at least a partial surface of the substrate with radiation that creates vacancies in the diamond, and carrying out a second heat treatment of the substrate at a certain temperature. The substrate can be used as a sensor element of a magnetometer or also as a qubit of a quantum computer

A substrate comprising diamond has NV.sup.- centers in a concentration greater than about 0.5 parts per million (ppm). The method for producing this diamond substrate includes providing diamond being doped with nitrogen, irradiating at least a partial surface of the substrate with radiation that creates vacancies in the diamond, and carrying out a second heat treatment of the substrate at a certain temperature. The substrate can be used as a sensor element of a magnetometer or also as a qubit of a quantum computer

The synthesis of sub-five-nanometer nanodiamonds with high uniformity and purity. Inspired by the formation of natural diamond, iron carbide nanoparticles embedded in iron oxide matrices as the carbon source were used. High-pressure-high-temperature treatment of the precursor yields nanodiamonds with tunable diameters down to 2.13 nm and 0.22-nm standard deviation. The disclosed synthesis procedures also include a method for forming fluorescent nanodiamonds.

The synthesis of sub-five-nanometer nanodiamonds with high uniformity and purity. Inspired by the formation of natural diamond, iron carbide nanoparticles embedded in iron oxide matrices as the carbon source were used. High-pressure-high-temperature treatment of the precursor yields nanodiamonds with tunable diameters down to 2.13 nm and 0.22-nm standard deviation. The disclosed synthesis procedures also include a method for forming fluorescent nanodiamonds.