Sulfur-crosslinked olefins, particularly sulfur-crosslinked heavy hydrocarbon products having one or more sulfur-crosslinked olefin moieties, may undergo pyrolysis to form sulfur-doped porous carbon having high BET surface area values. Pyrolysis to form the sulfur-doped porous carbon may be particularly efficacious in the presence of a hydroxide base. BET surface areas up to 2000 m.sup.2/g or even higher may be obtained. Such sulfur-doped porous carbon may be prepared by combining a heavy hydrocarbon product with sulfur, heating to a first temperature state to form a liquefied reaction mixture containing a sulfur-crosslinked heavy hydrocarbon, homogeneously mixing a hydroxide base with the liquefied reaction mixture, and pyrolyzing the sulfur-crosslinked heavy hydrocarbon to form sulfur-doped porous carbon.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating rare earth metals in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A metal nuclide-loaded carbon microsphere (CMS), and a preparation method and a use thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: subjecting a metal ion and a small organic molecule to a reaction in an aqueous solution to obtain a complex; allowing a CMS to adsorb the complex; and subjecting the CMS adsorbing the complex to a first treatment. The metal nuclide-loaded CMS prepared by the method can stably exist in an aqueous solution at a temperature of lower than 180° C. and a pressure of lower than 10 MPa and has a metal nuclide dissolution rate of lower than 0.1% in the aqueous solution. After the prepared metal nuclide-loaded CMS is subjected to moist-heat sterilization at 121° C. for 15 min, a radionuclide release rate is still lower than 0.1%, which can significantly reduce the safety risk of the radioactive microsphere product in clinical use.

A metal nuclide-loaded carbon microsphere (CMS), and a preparation method and a use thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: subjecting a metal ion and a small organic molecule to a reaction in an aqueous solution to obtain a complex; allowing a CMS to adsorb the complex; and subjecting the CMS adsorbing the complex to a first treatment. The metal nuclide-loaded CMS prepared by the method can stably exist in an aqueous solution at a temperature of lower than 180° C. and a pressure of lower than 10 MPa and has a metal nuclide dissolution rate of lower than 0.1% in the aqueous solution. After the prepared metal nuclide-loaded CMS is subjected to moist-heat sterilization at 121° C. for 15 min, a radionuclide release rate is still lower than 0.1%, which can significantly reduce the safety risk of the radioactive microsphere product in clinical use.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a BET specific surface area calculated from a nitrogen adsorption isotherm by a BET method, of 750 m.sup.2/g or more and 1000 m.sup.2/g or less, a ratio of a pore volume of pores of 0.3875 to 0.9125 nm calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by a HK method to a total pore volume calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by the HK method, of 80% or more, and an average pore diameter obtained by the following formula using the BET specific surface area and the total pore volume calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by the HK method, of 1.614 nm or less: D=4000×V/S (wherein D represents the average pore diameter (nm), V represents the total pore volume (mL/g), and S represents the specific surface area (m.sup.2/g)).

An object of the present invention is to provide a new form of adsorbent suitable for a motor vehicle canister. An activated carbon fiber sheet satisfies one or two or more of conditions for indices, such as a specific surface area, a pore volume of pores having a given pore diameter, and a sheet density. An embodiment, for example, may have: a specific surface area ranging from 1400 to 2200 m.sup.2/g; a pore volume ranging from 0.20 to 1.20 cm.sup.3/g for pores having pore diameters of more than 0.7 nm and 2.0 nm or less; and a sheet density ranging from 0.030 to 0.200 g/cm.sup.3.

There is provided a process and system for producing carbon fiber products. The process can involve deasphalting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, which can contain native asphaltenes, to produce a solid asphaltene particulate material, which can be further treated to produce the carbon fiber products. In some implementations, the solid asphaltene particulate material can be extruded in the presence of a polymer. In some implementations, the solid asphaltene particulate material can be chemically treated with a chemical agent including a Lewis acid, an oxidizing agent and/or a reducing agent before extrusion. In some implementations, the process can further produce activated carbon fibers.

There is provided a process and system for producing carbon fiber products. The process can involve deasphalting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, which can contain native asphaltenes, to produce a solid asphaltene particulate material, which can be further treated to produce the carbon fiber products. In some implementations, the solid asphaltene particulate material can be extruded in the presence of a polymer. In some implementations, the solid asphaltene particulate material can be chemically treated with a chemical agent including a Lewis acid, an oxidizing agent and/or a reducing agent before extrusion. In some implementations, the process can further produce activated carbon fibers.

Silicon carbon composite materials and related processes are disclosed that overcome the challenges for providing amorphous nano sized silicon entrained within porous carbon. Compared to other, inferior materials and processes described in the prior art, the materials and processes disclosed herein find superior utility in various applications, including energy storage devices such as lithium ion batteries.

Silicon carbon composite materials and related processes are disclosed that overcome the challenges for providing amorphous nano sized silicon entrained within porous carbon. Compared to other, inferior materials and processes described in the prior art, the materials and processes disclosed herein find superior utility in various applications, including energy storage devices such as lithium ion batteries.