A method for producing an activated carbon material comprises the steps of producing a hot flue gas stream from a combustion process in a first reactor; routing a first part of said flue gas stream to a second reactor that is substantially vertical; routing a second part of said flue gas stream to eventual venting; injecting and suspending a carbonaceous starting material into said second reactor to devolatilize and activate the carbonaceous starting material to produce an activated carbon material; separating the activated carbon material in a separating device; and routing the gas stream from said separating step to the first reactor for incineration of the volatile contents released from said injecting and suspending step. The activated carbon material is suited for the removal of vapor phase air toxics, such as mercury, from the flue gas of a coal fired power plant. An apparatus for producing the activated carbon material for the same purpose is also described.

Provided herein are apparatuses, systems, and methods useful for continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter. In certain aspects and embodiments, the invention presents continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter in a controlled temperature and steam environment to produce a low volatility char, with subsequent steam activation of the char under pressure producing activated carbon and pressurized syn-gas, all of which are carried out in a reactor system including one or more vessels. The syn-gas is enriched in hydrogen in a high temperature shift reactor and separated in a pressurized swing adsorber to provide a pressurized pure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure combustible tail gas.

Provided herein are apparatuses, systems, and methods useful for continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter. In certain aspects and embodiments, the invention presents continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter in a controlled temperature and steam environment to produce a low volatility char, with subsequent steam activation of the char under pressure producing activated carbon and pressurized syn-gas, all of which are carried out in a reactor system including one or more vessels. The syn-gas is enriched in hydrogen in a high temperature shift reactor and separated in a pressurized swing adsorber to provide a pressurized pure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure combustible tail gas.

A method for producing an activated carbon material comprises the steps of producing a hot flue gas stream from a combustion process in a first reactor; routing a first part of said flue gas stream to a second reactor that is substantially vertical; routing a second part of said flue gas stream to eventual venting; injecting and suspending a carbonaceous starting material into said second reactor to devolatilize and activate the carbonaceous starting material to produce an activated carbon material; separating the activated carbon material in a separating device; and routing the gas stream from said separating step to the first reactor for incineration of the volatile contents released from said injecting and suspending step. The activated carbon material is suited for the removal of vapor phase air toxics, such as mercury, from the flue gas of a coal fired power plant. An apparatus for producing the activated carbon material for the same purpose is also described.

A bio-product such as biochar, bio-coal, bio-oil, coke, and/or activated carbon material is formed by processing a starting biomass material comprising water-laden material. The starting biomass material is heated to below or above an autoignition temperature through a rotary compression unit (RCU) by generating steam through releasing unbound and bound waters in the biomass thus forming a bio-product. The biomass material being processed may be, without limitation, a woody or non-woody biomass material, such as cellulosic material and/or grain. The process can also form bio-oil from pyrolysis vapors which can be processed to other bio-products.

This disclosure relates to an easy method of purifying drinking water using a small sachet packet or a filter unit which could be attached to a tap, consisting of powdered or granular, hydroxy and phosphate functionalized activated nanoporous carbon derived from waste coir dust. The suggested vapour treatment method for coconut coir dust leads to functionalization of coir with hydroxyl and phosphate groups and the inert environment pyrolysis leads to formation of a nanoporous carbon network. The activated nanoporous carbon can be used for removing hardness, fluoride and heavy metals present in drinking water. The material is incorporated into a membrane filter (a sachet packet similar to a tea bag) or packed into a column which could be attached to a domestic water tap.

This disclosure relates to an easy method of purifying drinking water using a small sachet packet or a filter unit which could be attached to a tap, consisting of powdered or granular, hydroxy and phosphate functionalized activated nanoporous carbon derived from waste coir dust. The suggested vapour treatment method for coconut coir dust leads to functionalization of coir with hydroxyl and phosphate groups and the inert environment pyrolysis leads to formation of a nanoporous carbon network. The activated nanoporous carbon can be used for removing hardness, fluoride and heavy metals present in drinking water. The material is incorporated into a membrane filter (a sachet packet similar to a tea bag) or packed into a column which could be attached to a domestic water tap.

The process includes activating a char in an oven by heating the char with steam to generate activated carbon and syngas. The process also includes monitoring parameters of the syngas produced and controlling the oven in response to the parameter. The process converts a feedstock, typically organic waste, into useable products.

The process includes activating a char in an oven by heating the char with steam to generate activated carbon and syngas. The process also includes monitoring parameters of the syngas produced and controlling the oven in response to the parameter. The process converts a feedstock, typically organic waste, into useable products.

The subject of this disclosure may relate generally to forming activated or devolatilized carbon by pressurized pyrolysis from coal or biomass and its methods of use for capturing PFAS in aqueous environments and its methods of use for forming soil fertilizers.