The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

A method for producing a metal nitride and/or a metal carbide, a metal nitride and/or metal carbide optionally produced according to the method, and the use of the metal nitride and/or carbide in catalysis optionally catalytic hydroprocessing. Optionally, the method comprises: i) contacting at least one metal oxide comprising at least one first metal M.sup.1 with a cyanometallate comprising at least one second metal M.sup.2 to form a reaction mixture; and, ii) subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature of at least 300 C. for a reaction period. Optionally, the metal nitride and/or metal carbide is a metal nitride comprising tungsten nitride.

A method for producing a metal nitride and/or a metal carbide, a metal nitride and/or metal carbide optionally produced according to the method, and the use of the metal nitride and/or carbide in catalysis optionally catalytic hydroprocessing. Optionally, the method comprises: i) contacting at least one metal oxide comprising at least one first metal M.sup.1 with a cyanometallate comprising at least one second metal M.sup.2 to form a reaction mixture; and, ii) subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature of at least 300 C. for a reaction period. Optionally, the metal nitride and/or metal carbide is a metal nitride comprising tungsten nitride.

A method for synthesizing high-purity ultrafine ZrCSiC composite powder is provided. The high-purity ultrafine ZrCSiC composite powder is prepared by utilizing zirconium silicate only or zirconium silicate with one or both of zirconium oxide or silica sol as a zirconium source and a silicon source material, utilizing sucrose or glucose as a carbon source material, and utilizing acrylamide monomer and N,N-methylene diacrylamide cross-linking agent as a gel material.

A method for synthesizing high-purity ultrafine ZrCSiC composite powder is provided. The high-purity ultrafine ZrCSiC composite powder is prepared by utilizing zirconium silicate only or zirconium silicate with one or both of zirconium oxide or silica sol as a zirconium source and a silicon source material, utilizing sucrose or glucose as a carbon source material, and utilizing acrylamide monomer and N,N-methylene diacrylamide cross-linking agent as a gel material.

A method of manufacturing a material including tantalum carbide (TaC) with a particularly low impurity content, and a TaC material formed by the method are provided. The method includes preparing a base material, and forming a TaC coating layer on a surface of the base material at a temperature of 1,600 C. to 2,500 C.

A new fluorine-free tantalum carbide MXene-tantalum oxides (TTO) nanostructure was developed as a biocompatible electrode material for size-sensitive applications. The TTO hybrid structure is biocompatible with different types of human cells, and offers excellent volumetric capacitance, energy density, power density, and cyclability when assembled into a symmetric supercapacitor. The TTO offers high promise for future biomedical energy storage devices.

A new fluorine-free tantalum carbide MXene-tantalum oxides (TTO) nanostructure was developed as a biocompatible electrode material for size-sensitive applications. The TTO hybrid structure is biocompatible with different types of human cells, and offers excellent volumetric capacitance, energy density, power density, and cyclability when assembled into a symmetric supercapacitor. The TTO offers high promise for future biomedical energy storage devices.

The present invention(s) is directed to novel conductive M.sub.n+1X.sub.n(T.sub.s) compositions exhibiting high volumetric capacitances, and methods of making the same. The present invention(s) is also directed to novel conductive M.sub.n+1X.sub.n(T.sub.s) compositions, methods of preparing transparent conductors using these materials, and products derived from these methods.

The present invention(s) is directed to novel conductive M.sub.n+1X.sub.n(T.sub.s) compositions exhibiting high volumetric capacitances, and methods of making the same. The present invention(s) is also directed to novel conductive M.sub.n+1X.sub.n(T.sub.s) compositions, methods of preparing transparent conductors using these materials, and products derived from these methods.