The present disclosure provides a negative electrode active material for a fluoride ion battery capable of realizing high charge and discharge capacity, a fluoride ion battery having such a negative electrode active material, and a method for producing such a negative electrode active material for a fluoride ion battery. The negative electrode active material for a fluoride ion battery of the present disclosure has a transition metal carbide having a non-layered structure. The method of the present disclosure for producing a negative electrode active material for a fluoride ion battery comprises applying mechanical impact to a transition metal carbide having a layered structure to convert the transition metal carbide to a transition metal carbide having a non-layered structure.

The present invention is directed to compositions comprising at least one layer or at least two layers, each layer comprising a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, having first and second surfaces, each crystal cell having the empirical formula of M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where M, X, and n are described in the specification, and devices incorporating these compositions.

The present invention is directed to compositions comprising at least one layer or at least two layers, each layer comprising a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, having first and second surfaces, each crystal cell having the empirical formula of M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where M, X, and n are described in the specification, and devices incorporating these compositions.

The system and method of using carbide derived carbon as a sorbent material in high humidity environments. In some cases, the sorbent material is used for breath analysis. In some cases, the sorbent material is used in a gas mask. In certain cases, the sorbent material is functionalized for detection or capture of particular chemicals.

A method for producing a carbon composite material to reduce costs; and a carbon composite material includes a dealloying step of immersing a carbon-containing material composed of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy containing carbon in a metal bath, the metal bath having a solidification point lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material, the metal bath being controlled to a lower temperature than a minimum value of a liquidus temperature within a compositional fluctuation range extending from the carbon-containing material to carbon by decreasing other non-carbon main components, to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the metal bath to form a carbon member having microvoids; and a cooling step performed with the microvoids of the carbon member including a component of the metal bath to solidify the component. The carbon composite material combining carbon with the metal bath component that has solidified is thereby obtained.

A chain element (2), in particular a chain pin (4), for joining at least two chain links (3), characterized in that it comprises a surface layer (5) containing boron and vanadium, formed by at least one step of diffusing boron and vanadium in the areas of the chain element (2) which are close to the surface. The surface layer (5) containing boron and vanadium is formed by boriding and subsequently vanadizing a substrate material having a carbon content of 0.60 wt.-% to 1.0 wt.-%.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150 C. to about 750 C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

An additive manufacturing method of producing a metal alloy article may involve: Providing a supply of a metal alloy in powder form; providing a supply of a nucleant material, the nucleant material lowering the nucleation energy required to crystallize the metal alloy; blending the supply of metal alloy powder and nucleant material to form a blended mixture; forming the blended mixture into a first layer; subjecting at least a portion of the first layer to energy sufficient to raise the temperature of the first layer to at least the liquidus temperature of the metal alloy; allowing at least a portion of the first layer to cool to a temperature sufficient to allow the metal alloy to recrystallize; forming a second layer of the blended mixture on the first layer; and repeating the subjecting and allowing steps on the second layer to form an additional portion of the metal alloy article.

An additive manufacturing method of producing a metal alloy article may involve: Providing a supply of a metal alloy in powder form; providing a supply of a nucleant material, the nucleant material lowering the nucleation energy required to crystallize the metal alloy; blending the supply of metal alloy powder and nucleant material to form a blended mixture; forming the blended mixture into a first layer; subjecting at least a portion of the first layer to energy sufficient to raise the temperature of the first layer to at least the liquidus temperature of the metal alloy; allowing at least a portion of the first layer to cool to a temperature sufficient to allow the metal alloy to recrystallize; forming a second layer of the blended mixture on the first layer; and repeating the subjecting and allowing steps on the second layer to form an additional portion of the metal alloy article.