A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an active material wherein a volume variation due to charge/discharge is small. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an active material comprising a silicon clathrate II type crystal phase, including a void inside a primary particle, and a void amount A of the void with a fine pore diameter of 100 nm or less is more than 0.15 cc/g and 0.40 cc/g or less.

Composites of porous nano-featured silicon and various materials, such as carbon, are provided. The composites find utility in various applications, such as electrical energy storage electrodes and devices comprising the same.

Composites of porous nano-featured silicon and various materials, such as carbon, are provided. The composites find utility in various applications, such as electrical energy storage electrodes and devices comprising the same.

Provided are a method of manufacturing an amorphous silicon composite and an apparatus for manufacturing an amorphous silicon composite. The method of manufacturing an amorphous silicon composite, according to an embodiment, may include forming molten silicon by melting a silicon raw material, obtaining an amorphous silicon powder by cooling the molten silicon with a cooling device such that the molten silicon is solidified before being crystallized, obtaining amorphous nano-silicon by performing wet grinding on the amorphous silicon powder, obtaining a first mixture by mixing a first pitch with the amorphous nano-silicon, obtaining a second mixture by coating a second pitch on the first mixture, and obtaining the amorphous silicon composite by performing heat treatment on the second mixture.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a powder material and an application thereof. The preparation method includes: obtaining an initial alloy ribbon including a matrix phase and a dispersed particle phase by solidifying an alloy melt, and then removing the matrix phase in the initial alloy ribbon while retaining the dispersed particle phase, so as to obtain a powder material composed of original dispersed particle phase. The preparation method of the present disclosure is simple in process and can prepare multiple powder materials of nano-level, sub-micron-level and micro-level. The powder materials have good application prospects in the fields such as catalytic materials, powder metallurgy, composite materials, wave-absorbing materials, sterilization materials, metal injection molding, 3D printing and coating.

Disclosed is a combined process for preparing zirconium oxide, methyl chlorosilane and/or polycrystalline silicon and a combined system comprising: preparing zirconium oxide by using zircon sand, carbon, chlorine gas, silicon, and hydrogen chloride as raw materials, the products separated during preparing zirconium oxide include gas phase products and liquid phase products, methyl chlorosilane is prepared from the gas phase separated during preparing zirconium oxide, and polycrystalline silicon is prepared by using the liquid phase products as raw materials. In this invention, not only carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride and other waste gases generated are used as raw materials for producing methyl chlorosilane, but also a by-product silicon tetrachloride generated is used as a raw material for producing polycrystalline silicon, thereby effectively recycling waste gases and silicon tetrachloride, reducing the treatment cost of waste gases and silicon tetrachloride and the production cost of methyl chlorosilane and polycrystalline silicon, and avoiding environmental pollution.

A silicon-based powder suitable for use in a negative electrode of a battery. The silicon-based powder comprises silicon-based particles and non-silicon-based particles. The silicon-based particles have a number-based particle size distribution with a d.sub.S50 value, being at most 200 nm. The silicon-based powder has an oxygen content of at most 20% by weight and comprises one or more elements M from a group of metals that have a Standard Gibbs free energy of formation at a temperature T of the oxide from their zerovalent state which is lower than the Standard Gibbs free energy of formation at the same temperature T of SiO.sub.2 from zerovalent silicon. The temperature T is equal to or higher than 573K and lower than 1373K. The content of said one or more elements M in the silicon-based powder is at least 0.10% of the content of Si by weight in said silicon-based powder.

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing polycrystalline silicon fragments. The process includes (a) providing a polycrystalline silicon rod, (b) working the surface of the silicon rod by means of a hammer or needle hammer to remove at least a portion of a layer of the surface of the polycrystalline silicon rod, and (c) reducing the silicon rod to fragments. Wherein an amount of impact energy expended by the hammer and/or needle hammer is from 1 J to 15 J.

The present invention discloses a self-healing or reusable article and preparation method and use thereof. The present invention discloses a combination system for preparing a self-healing coating material, comprising: (A) a low-surface-energy polymer micelle dispersion; (B) a silane coupling agent hydrolysate; and (C) a base solution. The present invention discloses a composition system for use in a reusable glass-like material or glass-like article, comprising: (i) a mixed dispersion of a silane coupling agent hydrolysate and a base solution; (ii) a low-surface-energy polymer solution; and (iii) a silane coupling agent dispersion. The self-healing or reusable article provided herein has a wide range of application prospect.

The present invention discloses a self-healing or reusable article and preparation method and use thereof. The present invention discloses a combination system for preparing a self-healing coating material, comprising: (A) a low-surface-energy polymer micelle dispersion; (B) a silane coupling agent hydrolysate; and (C) a base solution. The present invention discloses a composition system for use in a reusable glass-like material or glass-like article, comprising: (i) a mixed dispersion of a silane coupling agent hydrolysate and a base solution; (ii) a low-surface-energy polymer solution; and (iii) a silane coupling agent dispersion. The self-healing or reusable article provided herein has a wide range of application prospect.