Commercially beneficial carbon-containing fractions can be recovered from hydrothermal liquefaction reactions in various types of processors. Feedstock slurry from waste solids is placed into a pressurized processor where it is maintained at temperature and pressure for a predetermined period. On discharge from the processor the processed discharge is separated into liquid and solid fractions. Gaseous fractions including carbon dioxide can also be removed or off-taken from the processor. New molecular structures are created in this reaction, resulting in fractions including biogas, biofuels, biosolids and biocrude. Silica, phosphates, potash and low concentration nitrogen based fertilizer, along with carbonaceous material can also be recovered.

Synthesizing Janus nanoparticles including forming a lamellar phase having water layers, organic layers, and a surfactant, and reacting chemical precursors in the lamellar phase to form the Janus nanoparticles at interfaces of the water layers with the organic layers.

Synthesizing Janus nanoparticles including forming a lamellar phase having water layers, organic layers, and a surfactant, and reacting chemical precursors in the lamellar phase to form the Janus nanoparticles at interfaces of the water layers with the organic layers.

Porous metal oxide microspheres are prepared via a process comprising forming a liquid solution or dispersion of polydisperse polymer nanoparticles and a metal oxide; forming liquid droplets from the solution or dispersion; drying the liquid droplets to provide polymer template microspheres comprising polymer nanospheres and metal oxide; and removing the polymer nanospheres from the template microspheres to provide the porous metal oxide microspheres. The porous microspheres exhibit saturated colors and are suitable as colorants for a variety of end-uses.

Porous metal oxide microspheres are prepared via a process comprising forming a liquid solution or dispersion of polydisperse polymer nanoparticles and a metal oxide; forming liquid droplets from the solution or dispersion; drying the liquid droplets to provide polymer template microspheres comprising polymer nanospheres and metal oxide; and removing the polymer nanospheres from the template microspheres to provide the porous metal oxide microspheres. The porous microspheres exhibit saturated colors and are suitable as colorants for a variety of end-uses.

An aqueous ink jet ink composition contains pigment particles, inorganic oxide particles, and resin particles. The content of the inorganic oxide particles is 1.0% to 10.0% relative to the total mass of the ink composition. The ink composition satisfies the following relationship: D.sub.50 of the resin particles ≤D.sub.50 of the inorganic oxide particles ≤D.sub.50 of the pigment particles, wherein D.sub.50 represents the volume median diameter of the corresponding particles.

An aqueous ink jet ink composition contains pigment particles, inorganic oxide particles, and resin particles. The content of the inorganic oxide particles is 1.0% to 10.0% relative to the total mass of the ink composition. The ink composition satisfies the following relationship: D.sub.50 of the resin particles ≤D.sub.50 of the inorganic oxide particles ≤D.sub.50 of the pigment particles, wherein D.sub.50 represents the volume median diameter of the corresponding particles.

Silica sand agglomerates for silicon metal production according to the present invention may be formed in the form of lumps by mixing clay, a liquid adhesive, and silica sand having a particle size in a certain range, and thus be maintained in shape during reduction in a high-temperature carbothermal reduction furnace to facilitate heat transfer and gas circulation.

Silica sand agglomerates for silicon metal production according to the present invention may be formed in the form of lumps by mixing clay, a liquid adhesive, and silica sand having a particle size in a certain range, and thus be maintained in shape during reduction in a high-temperature carbothermal reduction furnace to facilitate heat transfer and gas circulation.

The present invention discloses a terahertz material with therapeutic and health care effect and its preparation method and application, which includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15˜28 SiO.sub.2, 3˜8 Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 1˜3 selenium, 2˜5 germanium, 10˜15 Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 35˜45 ochre, 20˜35 zinc oxide, 65˜80 CaCO.sub.3, 0.1˜0.5 rare earth palladium, 1˜10 SiO.sub.x, wherein the raw materials of components are mixed according to the above proportion, and crushing, heating to 600˜1200° C. in an oxygen free environment for 3˜8 hours, and then secondary crushing, having a fineness of 3000˜8000 mesh; and then, after crushing again and powdering processing, the fineness reaches more than 10000 mesh. After being enhanced treatment by the terahertz irradiation line, the terahertz materials with therapeutic and health care effects are obtained. They can be processed and manufactured into a variety of physiotherapy equipment, with fast action speed and stable effect on human body.