Provided is a dielectric ceramic composition comprising a main component of forsterite and calcium strontium titanate. A content ratio of forsterite in the main component is from 84.0 to 92.5 parts by mole, and a content ratio of calcium strontium titanate is from 7.5 to 16.0 parts by mole. (Sr+Ca)/Ti in the calcium strontium titanate is from 1.03 to 1.20 in terms of a molar ratio. With respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the main component and a subcomponent except for Li-containing glass, from 2 to 10 parts by mass of Li-containing glass is added. The Li-containing glass includes Al.sub.2O.sub.3 in an amount of from 1% by mass to 10% by mass.

A method of producing a synthetic functionalized additive including the steps of mixing an amount of a magnesium salt with a fluid medium to produce a magnesium-containing fluid, adding an amount of a silane to the magnesium-containing fluid to produce a reactant mix, adding an amount of an aqueous hydroxide to the reactant mix to produce a reaction mixture, mixing the reaction mixture for a mix period, refluxing the reaction mixture for a reflux period to produce a product mix, treating the product mix to separate the synthetic functionalized additive.

A method of producing a synthetic functionalized additive including the steps of mixing an amount of a magnesium salt with a fluid medium to produce a magnesium-containing fluid, adding an amount of a silane to the magnesium-containing fluid to produce a reactant mix, adding an amount of an aqueous hydroxide to the reactant mix to produce a reaction mixture, mixing the reaction mixture for a mix period, refluxing the reaction mixture for a reflux period to produce a product mix, treating the product mix to separate the synthetic functionalized additive.

The present invention relates to a mechanochemically carbonated magnesium silicate which has a BET surface area within the range of 20 to 100 m.sup.2/g, preferably 30 to 80 m.sup.2/g, more preferably 40 to 70 m.sup.2/g, most preferably 45 to 65 m.sup.2/g and/or an amorphous content as determined by XRD of at least 30 wt. %, preferably at least 40 wt. %, more preferably at least 50 wt. %, even more preferably at least 60 wt. % a CO.sub.2 content of at least 3 wt. %. The invention further relates to methods of its production and uses thereof, for example as a filler in polymers. The compositions comprising the mechanochemically carbonated magnesium silicate and a polymer (such as a polyolefin) provide the benefits of being a CO.sub.2 negative material having excellent functional properties which can be used for a variety of purposes, for example as a component of clothing or apparel, or as a component of backpacks such as a buckle.

Use of a particulate talc material as a pearlescent agent in a liquid composition and method of increasing the pearlescence of a liquid composition by adding said particulate talc material, pearlescent liquid compositions comprising said particulate talc material and methods of making said pearlescent liquid compositions.

Use of a particulate talc material as a pearlescent agent in a liquid composition and method of increasing the pearlescence of a liquid composition by adding said particulate talc material, pearlescent liquid compositions comprising said particulate talc material and methods of making said pearlescent liquid compositions.

Disclosed is a negative electrode active material which includes: secondary particles having a plurality of primary particles which include a silicon oxide composite including i) Si, ii) a silicon oxide represented by SiO.sub.x (0<x≤2), and iii) a metal silicate containing Si and M, wherein M is at least one of Li and Mg; and a first carbon coating layer disposed partially or totally on the surfaces of the primary particles to interconnect and fix the primary particles; and a second carbon coating layer disposed on the surfaces of the secondary particles, wherein the second carbon coating layer has higher crystallinity as compared to the first carbon coating layer, and the primary particles have an average particle diameter (D.sub.50) of 0.1-3.5 μm. A negative electrode including the negative electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode are also disclosed.

Disclosed is a negative electrode active material which includes: secondary particles having a plurality of primary particles which include a silicon oxide composite including i) Si, ii) a silicon oxide represented by SiO.sub.x (0<x≤2), and iii) a metal silicate containing Si and M, wherein M is at least one of Li and Mg; and a first carbon coating layer disposed partially or totally on the surfaces of the primary particles to interconnect and fix the primary particles; and a second carbon coating layer disposed on the surfaces of the secondary particles, wherein the second carbon coating layer has higher crystallinity as compared to the first carbon coating layer, and the primary particles have an average particle diameter (D.sub.50) of 0.1-3.5 μm. A negative electrode including the negative electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode are also disclosed.

A solution containing an ionic liquid, a polymer compound including at least one of a hydrolyzable polymer compound and a thermally-decomposable polymer compound, and a laminate of layered substances is irradiated with at least one of sonic waves and radio waves. Alternatively, a solution containing an ionic liquid, a polymer compound including at least one of a hydrolyzable polymer compound and a thermally-decomposable polymer compound, and a laminate of layered substances is heated.

A solution containing an ionic liquid, a polymer compound including at least one of a hydrolyzable polymer compound and a thermally-decomposable polymer compound, and a laminate of layered substances is irradiated with at least one of sonic waves and radio waves. Alternatively, a solution containing an ionic liquid, a polymer compound including at least one of a hydrolyzable polymer compound and a thermally-decomposable polymer compound, and a laminate of layered substances is heated.