The present invention relates to a method of treating liquids with an alkaline earth metal silicate to reduce contaminants, a filtered liquid obtained by this method, the use of the method in the wine production process and a filter aid comprising an alkaline earth metal silicate.

Provided are a method of preparing a metal oxide-silica composite aerogel which includes preparing a silicate solution by dissolving water glass at a concentration of 0.125 M to 3.0 M, after adding and mixing a metal salt solution having a metal ion concentration of 0.125 M to 3.0 M to the silicate solution, precipitating metal oxide-silica composite precipitates by adjusting a pH of a resulting mixture to be in a range of 3 to 9, and separating and drying the metal oxide-silica composite precipitates, wherein the metal salt solution includes a magnesium (Mg)-containing metal salt in an amount such that an amount of magnesium ions is greater than 50 mol % based on a total mole of metal ions in the metal salt solution, and a metal oxide-silica composite aerogel having low tap density and high specific surface area prepared by the method.

Disclosed is a negative electrode active material which includes: a silicon oxide composite including i) Si, ii) a silicon oxide represented by SiO.sub.x (0<x2), and iii) magnesium silicate containing Si and Mg; and a carbon coating layer positioned on the surface of the silicon oxide composite and including a carbonaceous material, wherein X-ray diffractometry of the negative electrode active material shows peaks of Mg.sub.2SiO.sub.4 and MgSiO.sub.3 at the same time and shows no peak of MgO; and the ratio of peak intensity, I (Mg.sub.2SiO.sub.4)/I (MgSiO.sub.3), which is intensity I (Mg.sub.2SiO.sub.4) of peaks that belong to Mg.sub.2SiO.sub.4 to intensity I (MgSiO.sub.3) of peaks that belong to MgSiO.sub.3 is smaller than 1, the peaks that belong to Mg.sub.2SiO.sub.4 are observed at 2=32.20.2, and the peaks that belong to MgSiO.sub.3 are observed at 2=30.90.2.

A negative thermal expansion material, being formed from M.sub.xSr.sub.yBa.sub.zZn.sub.2Si.sub.2O.sub.7 (wherein M is one or more types of Na and Ca, and x+y+z=1, 0<x0.5, 0.3<z<1.0), and an XRD peak intensity I.sub.NTR and a background intensity I.sub.BG of a primary phase of an orthorhombic crystal structure which exhibits negative expansion characteristics satisfy a relation of I.sub.NTE/I.sub.BG>15. An object of the present invention is to provide a negative thermal expansion material having a low specific gravity, and a negative thermal expansion material having a low Ba content.

A negative thermal expansion material, being formed from M.sub.xSr.sub.yBa.sub.zZn.sub.2Si.sub.2O.sub.7 (wherein M is one or more types of Na and Ca, and x+y+z=1, 0<x0.5, 0.3<z<1.0), and an XRD peak intensity I.sub.NTR and a background intensity I.sub.BG of a primary phase of an orthorhombic crystal structure which exhibits negative expansion characteristics satisfy a relation of I.sub.NTE/I.sub.BG>15. An object of the present invention is to provide a negative thermal expansion material having a low specific gravity, and a negative thermal expansion material having a low Ba content.

The present invention relates to a boroaluminosilicate mineral material, a low temperature co-fired ceramic composite material, a low temperature co-fired ceramic, a composite substrate and preparation methods thereof. A boroaluminosilicate mineral material for a low temperature co-fired ceramic, the boroaluminosilicate mineral material comprises the following components expressed in mass percentages of the following oxides: 0.41%-1.15% of Na2O, 14.15%-23.67% of K2O, 1.17%-4.10% of CaO, 0-2.56% of Al2O3, 13.19%-20.00% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, and 53.47%-67.17% of SiO.sub.2. The aforementioned boroaluminosilicate mineral material is chemically stable; a low temperature co-fired ceramic prepared from it not only has excellent dielectric properties, but also has a low sintering temperature, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and high insulation resistance; it is also well-matched with the LTCC process and can be widely used in the field of LTCC package substrates.

The present invention relates to a boroaluminosilicate mineral material, a low temperature co-fired ceramic composite material, a low temperature co-fired ceramic, a composite substrate and preparation methods thereof. A boroaluminosilicate mineral material for a low temperature co-fired ceramic, the boroaluminosilicate mineral material comprises the following components expressed in mass percentages of the following oxides: 0.41%-1.15% of Na2O, 14.15%-23.67% of K2O, 1.17%-4.10% of CaO, 0-2.56% of Al2O3, 13.19%-20.00% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, and 53.47%-67.17% of SiO.sub.2. The aforementioned boroaluminosilicate mineral material is chemically stable; a low temperature co-fired ceramic prepared from it not only has excellent dielectric properties, but also has a low sintering temperature, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and high insulation resistance; it is also well-matched with the LTCC process and can be widely used in the field of LTCC package substrates.

Disclosed is a preparation method for tricalcium silicate powder. The method includes the following steps: taking CaCO.sub.3 powder and SiO.sub.2 powder as raw materials for preparation, so as to obtain mixed powder having uniform components; pre-pressing the obtained mixed powder to make a blank; and performing sintering treatment on the obtained blank at a temperature of 1,200 DEG C-1,500 DEG C for 0.5 h-1.5 h, so as to obtain tricalcium silicate, where the sintering treatment is to perform mixed sintering by using auxiliary heating bodies and in cooperation with microwave treatment. According to the present disclosure, the tricalcium silicate is prepared through mixed sintering by using the auxiliary heating bodies and in cooperation with the microwave treatment, and a mixed heating mechanism enables a sample to be heated more easily at a low temperature, so that synthesis purity and efficiency are improved.

Disclosed is a preparation method for tricalcium silicate powder. The method includes the following steps: taking CaCO.sub.3 powder and SiO.sub.2 powder as raw materials for preparation, so as to obtain mixed powder having uniform components; pre-pressing the obtained mixed powder to make a blank; and performing sintering treatment on the obtained blank at a temperature of 1,200 DEG C-1,500 DEG C for 0.5 h-1.5 h, so as to obtain tricalcium silicate, where the sintering treatment is to perform mixed sintering by using auxiliary heating bodies and in cooperation with microwave treatment. According to the present disclosure, the tricalcium silicate is prepared through mixed sintering by using the auxiliary heating bodies and in cooperation with the microwave treatment, and a mixed heating mechanism enables a sample to be heated more easily at a low temperature, so that synthesis purity and efficiency are improved.

A method for synthesizing calcium-silicate-based porous particles (CSPPs) is described. Control over CSPP morphology and pore size is achieved through a refined solution-based synthesis, allowing loading of a variety of sealants. These particles, upon external stimuli, release the loaded sealant into the surrounding material. Methods of loading the CSPPs with loading sealant are described. The CSPPs may be used in pure form or mixed with another material to deliver self-healing, sealing and multi-functional properties to a physical structure. The composition of the CSPPs is described, along with methods of use of the CSPPs.