A method for the synthesis of siliceous or heteroatom-substituted MFI zeolites (M-MFI; M=Si, Ti, Nb, or Ta) with tunable densities of SiOH that depend simply on the ratio of hydrofluoric acid (HF) to structure-directing agent (SDA; tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) used within the synthesis gel. The equilibrated ion exchange between OH.sup.− and F.sup.− ions forms tetrapropylammonium fluoride in situ, which does not lead to the formation of SiOH defects within M-MFI. Comparisons of infrared spectra from 15 distinct M-MFI materials show that the densities of SiOH groups within M-MFI decrease linearly with the ratio of HF:SDA, independent of the identity of the heteroatom within the framework.

A method for the synthesis of siliceous or heteroatom-substituted MFI zeolites (M-MFI; M=Si, Ti, Nb, or Ta) with tunable densities of SiOH that depend simply on the ratio of hydrofluoric acid (HF) to structure-directing agent (SDA; tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) used within the synthesis gel. The equilibrated ion exchange between OH.sup.− and F.sup.− ions forms tetrapropylammonium fluoride in situ, which does not lead to the formation of SiOH defects within M-MFI. Comparisons of infrared spectra from 15 distinct M-MFI materials show that the densities of SiOH groups within M-MFI decrease linearly with the ratio of HF:SDA, independent of the identity of the heteroatom within the framework.

Provided is a beta zeolite satisfying P>76.79Q−29.514 in a range in which Q is less than 0.4011 nm, wherein, P represents an AB value that is an intensity ratio of A to B, A represents a diffraction intensity of a main peak of the beta zeolite observed by X-ray diffraction measurement, B represents a diffraction intensity of the (116) plane of α-alumina obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement under the same conditions as those for the X-ray diffraction measurement on the beta zeolite, the α-alumina being the standard substance 674a distributed by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Q represents a lattice interplanar spacing of the main peak of the beta zeolite observed by X-ray diffraction measurement. It is preferable that the formula (1) above is satisfied in a range in which Q is from 0.3940 to 0.4000 nm.

Provided is a beta zeolite satisfying P>76.79Q−29.514 in a range in which Q is less than 0.4011 nm, wherein, P represents an AB value that is an intensity ratio of A to B, A represents a diffraction intensity of a main peak of the beta zeolite observed by X-ray diffraction measurement, B represents a diffraction intensity of the (116) plane of α-alumina obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement under the same conditions as those for the X-ray diffraction measurement on the beta zeolite, the α-alumina being the standard substance 674a distributed by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Q represents a lattice interplanar spacing of the main peak of the beta zeolite observed by X-ray diffraction measurement. It is preferable that the formula (1) above is satisfied in a range in which Q is from 0.3940 to 0.4000 nm.

CHA-type zeolite in which the molar ratio of silica to alumina is less than 13, and the content of sodium is 100 ppm or more and 2000 ppm or less is provided. Such a CHA-type zeolite is obtained by a manufacturing method including obtaining a crystallized product by crystallizing a composition which includes a structure-directing agent source containing at least N,N,N-trialkylcyclohexylammonium cation, an alumina source, a silica source, a sodium source, and water and in which the molar ratio of silica to alumina is 20 or less and in which the molar ratio of potassium to sodium is less than 0.05, removing N,N,N-trialkylcyclohexylammonium cation from the crystallized product, and contacting the crystallized product with an ammonium-salt-containing solution having an ammonium concentration of 1 mass percent or more.

An organotemplate-free synthetic process for the production of a zeolite of TON framework type structure is provided. The process includes the steps of: (1) preparing a mixture comprising: (a) an alumina-coated silica; (b) a source of an alkali metal; (c) an alcohol; (d) a source of hydroxide ions; (e) seed crystals comprising a zeolitic material having a TON framework type structure; and (f) water; and (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1).

An organotemplate-free synthetic process for the production of a zeolite of TON framework type structure is provided. The process includes the steps of: (1) preparing a mixture comprising: (a) an alumina-coated silica; (b) a source of an alkali metal; (c) an alcohol; (d) a source of hydroxide ions; (e) seed crystals comprising a zeolitic material having a TON framework type structure; and (f) water; and (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1).

An inorganic porous carrier that can be used to increase the purity of nucleic acid in a production thereof, and that comprises a linker of formula (1), wherein a Survival Bone Rate (SBR) value is 5.0% or more. In the formula (1), a bond * represents a linkage of an inorganic porous substance to the oxygen atom of a silanol group; n is an integer of 1 etc.; R represents independently of each other an alkyl group containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent such as an alkoxy group etc.; and L represents a single bond; an alkylene group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or an alkylene group containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms which contains —CH.sub.2-Q-CH.sub.2— group wherein any group Q selected from a group consisting of —O— etc. is inserted into at least one of —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2— group constituting the alkylene group.

##STR00001##

An inorganic porous carrier that can be used to increase the purity of nucleic acid in a production thereof, and that comprises a linker of formula (1), wherein a Survival Bone Rate (SBR) value is 5.0% or more. In the formula (1), a bond * represents a linkage of an inorganic porous substance to the oxygen atom of a silanol group; n is an integer of 1 etc.; R represents independently of each other an alkyl group containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent such as an alkoxy group etc.; and L represents a single bond; an alkylene group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or an alkylene group containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms which contains —CH.sub.2-Q-CH.sub.2— group wherein any group Q selected from a group consisting of —O— etc. is inserted into at least one of —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2— group constituting the alkylene group.

##STR00001##

A system for recovering rare earth elements from coal ash includes a leaching reactor, an ash dryer downstream of the leaching reactor, and a roaster downstream of the ash dryer that is cooperatively connected to both the leaching reactor and the ash dryer. Coal ash is mixed with an acid stream such that rare earth elements present in the coal ash are dissolved in the acid stream, thereby creating (i) a leachate containing the rare earth elements and (ii) leached ash. The leachate is heated to obtain acid vapor and an acid-soluble rare earth concentrate. Mixing of the coal ash with the acid stream can occur in a leaching reactor and heating of the leachate can occur in a roaster. The acid-soluble rare earth concentrate can be fed to a hydrometallurgical process to separate and purify the rare earth elements.