Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include a permeate frame with a membrane support structure having first and second membrane support plates that are free from perforations and that include a plurality of microgrooves configured to provide flow channels for at least part of the permeate stream. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a return conduit fluidly connecting a buffer tank and a reformate conduit, a return valve assembly configured to manage flow in the return conduit, and a control assembly configured to operate a fuel processing assembly between run and standby modes based, at least in part, on detected pressure in the buffer tank and configured to direct the return valve assembly to allow product hydrogen stream to flow from the buffer tank to the reformate conduit when the fuel processing assembly is in the standby mode.

An integrated system for carbon dioxide capture includes a steam methane reformer and a CO.sub.2 pump that comprises an anode and a cathode. The cathode is configured to output a first exhaust stream including oxygen and carbon dioxide and the anode is configured to receive a reformed gas from the steam methane reformer and to output a second exhaust stream that includes greater than 95% hydrogen.

The present disclosure relates to a flue gas exhaust system for an industrial furnace, especially a steam reforming furnace. The flue gas exhaust system comprises a stack having an inlet opening for introducing flue gas into the stack and an outlet opening for exhausting flue gas. The inlet opening of the stack is in fluid connection to an outlet of a heat recovery system of the industrial furnace. Further, the fluid connection between said heat recovery system outlet and said stack inlet opening comprises a transition flue gas duct that at least partly embraces a part of the stack.

An integrated process for the production of a useful liquid hydrocarbon product comprises: feeding a gasification zone with an oxygen-containing feed and a first carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass, gasifying the first carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to produce first synthesis gas, partially oxidising the first synthesis gas in a partial oxidation zone to generate partially oxidised synthesis gas, combining at least a portion of the first synthesis gas and/or the partially oxidised synthesis gas and at least a portion of electrolysis hydrogen obtained from an electrolyser in an amount to achieve the desired hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratio of from about 1.5:1 to about 2.5:1, and to generate a blended synthesis gas, wherein the electrolyser operates using green electricity; and subjecting at least a portion of the blended synthesis gas to a conversion process effective to produce the liquid hydrocarbon product.

Processes for producing a hydrogen-enriched gas stream are described. A hydrocarbon containing feed is processed in a hydrogen production process unit, and the synthesis gas formed is subjected to a water gas shift reaction. The shifted synthesis gas is sent for processing to recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide recovery processes involve separating a purified hydrogen product stream and a purified carbon dioxide stream from the shifted synthesis stream and recycling synthesis gas to the reforming feed after recovery of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2, thereby avoiding carbon slip from the process and lowering the overall carbon intensity.

A hydrogen reforming system includes: a reformer that generates first mixed gas through a reforming reaction between fuel gas and water; a transformer that is fed with the first mixed gas and generates second mixed gas from which carbon monoxide is removed by a water gas shift reaction; a pressure swing adsorption that purifies and separate hydrogen from the second mixed gas generated in the transformer; a heat exchanger that is provided between the reformer and the transformer and between the transformer and the PSA unit to control temperatures of the first mixed gas and the second mixed gas through heat exchange with water; a water feeder that communicates with the heat exchanger and supplies water to the heat exchanger; and a control value that is provided on a line through which water is discharged from the water feeder and adjusts a flow rate of water.

A separation membrane sheet that causes a specific fluid component to selectively permeate therethrough, comprises: a first porous layer; and a resin composition layer formed on the first porous layer. The resin composition layer has a filtration residue fraction of greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 90%; and contains a resin having an ionic group or a salt thereof, and has an ion exchange capacity of greater than or equal to 1 millimole equivalent per 1 g of a dry resin in a filtration residue.

A method of co-producing a nitrogen containing stream and a methanol stream, including producing at least an oxygen enriched stream and a nitrogen enriched stream in an air separation unit, introducing at least a portion of the oxygen enriched stream into an oxygen-based reformer, thereby producing a first syngas stream, introducing at least a portion of the first syngas stream into a methanol synthesis reactor, thereby producing at least a hydrogen containing stream and a methanol containing stream, introducing at least a portion of the methanol containing stream into a methanol distillation system, thereby producing a methanol product stream, introducing at least a portion of the nitrogen enriched stream, at least a portion of the first enriched hydrogen containing stream, and at least a portion of the second enriched hydrogen containing stream into an ammonia synthesis reactor, thereby producing an ammonia product stream.

Hydrogen generation assemblies and methods of generating hydrogen are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method may include receiving a feed stream in a fuel processing assembly of the hydrogen generation assembly; and generating a product hydrogen stream in the fuel processing assembly from the received feed stream. Generating a product hydrogen stream may, in some embodiments, include generating an output stream in a hydrogen generating region from the received feed stream, and generating the product hydrogen stream in a purification region from the output stream. The method may additionally include receiving the generated product hydrogen stream in a buffer tank of the hydrogen generation assembly; and detecting pressure in the buffer tank via a tank sensor assembly. The method may further include stopping generation of the product hydrogen stream in the fuel processing assembly when the detected pressure in the buffer tank is above a predetermined maximum pressure.

A fuel cell system and a control method thereof are disclosed. The system includes a fuel cell stack having an anode and a cathode, an anode recirculation loop including the anode, a fuel supply device for providing a fuel gas via a fuel feed path, an air supply device for providing air to the cathode, an anode blower and a switching element. The loop has a first path and a second path, and the anode is arranged in the second path. During normal operation of the system, the fuel feed path and the first path are combined to form the second path, and the second path is split into the first path and a fuel exhaust path. The anode blower is configured for driving circulation through the loop. The switching element is located in at least one of the first path and the combining point and is configured to force the fuel gas to flow through the second path to the fuel exhaust path in the event of failure of the anode blower.