A catalyst for catalytic reactors of which the outer shape is a helix with n blades, where n is greater than or equal to 1, wherein the stack void fraction percentage is between 75% and 85% and the surface area/volume ratio is greater than 1000 square meters/square meters.

The present invention concerns a reactor (1) for the gasification of organic material included in composite raw material and the separation of gasified organic material from inorganic material included in the composite raw material, the reactor comprising at least one reaction chamber (2) and at least one rotor (3), said reaction chamber (2) comprising at least one housing (6, 6a, 6b) that is sealed in relation to the surroundings and has at least one inlet opening (8a, 8b, 8c) and at least one outlet opening (9a, 9b) and said rotor (3) comprising at least one shaft (5). Said housing (6, 6a, 6b) is in heat exchanging contact with at least one channel (20) intended to convey gas for heat exchange between the gas and said housing (6, 6a, 6b). Said housing (6, 6a, 6b) is preferably cylindrical and has a primarily circular cross-section in a plane that is primarily perpendicular to a principal direction of extension of said at least one shaft (5), said channel (20) being in contact with at least one-third of the radial external envelope surface of said housing (6, 6a, 6b) and in addition entirely or partly surrounding said at least one inlet opening (8a, 8b, 8c). At least a first part of said rotor (3) is situated in said housing (6, 6a, 6b) and said shaft (5) extends in only one direction from said first part through and out of said housing (6, 6a, 6b). The present invention also concerns a method of increasing the efficiency in the reactor (1) and the use of the reactor (1).

The present application provides a reactor for: converting feedstock material into gases; or disassociating or reforming a chemical compound; and/a mixture to its constituent elements; and/to other chemical forms, and; finally a heating device. The reactor comprises a heating device for discharging an ionized gas into the reactor, a feedstock feeder for injecting the feedstock material into the reactor, and a shell forming a chamber that encloses a portion of the heating device and a portion of the feedstock feeder. The application also provides a method for converting hydrocarbon material into synthetic gases. The method comprises: providing the hydrocarbon material to a burner inserted into a reactor, a second step of supplying ionized gases into the reactor, and a third step of subjecting the burner to a flame of the ionized gases such that molecules of the hydrocarbon material are dissociated to forming synthetic gas.

A process for obtaining a solid form containing heat-stabilized borazane is described. The solid form is capable of generating hydrogen by thermal decomposition or by a self-maintained combustion reaction. Within the solid form containing borazane, the borazane is heat-stabilized. It has thus been heat-stabilized by making an oxidized layer at its surface.

Methods and systems for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons include a direct contact condenser to remove compounds from an offgas process stream. The reduction of compounds can decrease duty on the offgas compressor by removing steam and aromatics from the offgas. The dehydrogenation reaction system can be applicable for reactions such as the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to produce styrene, the dehydrogenation of isoamiline to produce isoprene, or the dehydrogenation of n-pentene to produce piperylene.

The present application provides a reactor for: converting feedstock material into gases; or disassociating or reforming a chemical compound; and/a a mixture to its constituent elements; and/to other chemical forms, and; finally a heating device. The reactor comprises a heating device for discharging an ionized gas into the reactor, a feedstock feeder for injecting the feedstock material into the reactor, and a shell forming a chamber that encloses a portion of the heating device and a portion of the feedstock feeder. The application also provides a method for converting hydrocarbon material into synthetic gases. The method comprises: providing the hydrocarbon material to a burner inserted into a reactor, a second step of supplying ionized gases into the reactor, and a third step of subjecting the burner to a flame of the ionized gases such that molecules of the hydrocarbon material are dissociated to forming synthetic gas.

In an apparatus comprising a chamber (3) of a reactor drops (8) of a to be converted liquid are generated by a nozzle (2) positioned in a space (7) separate from the chamber (3). The drops (8) make a free fall thought the space 7 and enter via an opening (7a) the chamber (3) where they fall onto an evaporator body (9) for evaporation, the evaporated liquid leaves a solid deposit (1), A gaseous reactant line (11) supplies a reactant gas for conversion of the solid deposit (1) on the surface of the evaporator body.

The invention relates to a process for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-containing product in at least one reaction apparatus, wherein the at least one reaction apparatus comprises a bed of carbon-containing material and is characterized in that the bed of carbon-containing material in the at least one reaction apparatus is alternately heated to a temperature of >800 C. and, no later than upon reaching a temperature of 1800 C., cooled to a maximum of 800 C., wherein hydrogen and carbon monoxide are produced during the heating phase and carbon and hydrogen are produced during the cooling phase.

A method producing synthetic hydrocarbons includes producing synthesis gas. An initial step, carbon or a mixture of carbon and hydrogen is brought into contact with water at a temperature of 800-1700 C. The synthesis gas is converted into synthetic functionalised and/or non-functionalised hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer Tropsch process wherein it is brought into contact with a suitable catalyst, and wherein water in which a portion of the synthetic hydrocarbons is dissolved results as a by-product. At least a portion of the water that is produced as a by-product is supplied to the initial step. The hydrocarbons that are dissolved in the water decompose into particle-like carbon and hydrogen at the high temperature. The carbon is converted into CO in the presence of water and at a high temperature and forms a portion of the synthesis gas that is produced. In this way, a costly process for cleaning half of the water that is produced as a by-product is avoided.

A decomposition reactor equipped with a thermochemical decomposition reactor for performing a thermochemical decomposition of a hydrocarbon feedstock such as methane or natural gas, as well as a method for performing the thermochemical decomposition and process for obtaining a carbon product therefrom. The thermochemical decomposition reactor holds a supersaturated molten mixture primarily of a metal and carbon, where the metal is Mn, Fe, Co and Ni or an alloy comprising more than 50% of the metal. A heater heats and maintains supersaturated molten mixture in supersaturation with carbon while the hydrocarbon feedstock is injected to pass through the supersaturated molten mixture and be pyrolyzed to yield pyrolysis products that primarily include hydrogen and the desired carbon product. A hydrogen extraction means extracts the hydrogen and carbon product and a carbon separation means separates the carbon product preferably including a solid carbon product that is highly graphitic.