A membrane is described for purifying or separating hydrogen from a multi-component gas stream such as syngas. This membrane uses a molecular pre-treatment, a transition metal, fluorine containing polymer, carbon fibers and carbon matrix sintered on a supportive screen. The membrane may be a bilayer membrane comprised of a layer containing high surface area carbon and another layer containing lower surface area carbon. Methods for purifying hydrogen are also described.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the production of carburized sponge iron. The process comprises the steps of reducing iron ore pellets using a carbon-lean reducing gas in a direct reduction shaft reactor to provide a sponge iron intermediate; transferring the sponge iron intermediate to a carburization unit; and carburizing the sponge iron intermediate in the carburization unit using a carburizing gas to provide carburized sponge iron. The disclosure further relates to a system for the production of carburized sponge iron, a carburized sponge iron produced by the aforementioned process, and a sponge iron intermediate obtained during the production of such a carburized sponge iron.

The disclosure is directed to a process and an apparatus for providing a feedstock. A gaseous feed stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon is passed to a reforming unit followed by a water gas shift reaction zone to provide a first gaseous stream comprising H.sub.2, CO, and CO.sub.2. The first gaseous stream is fed a hydrogen separation zone to separate it into a hydrogen enriched stream and a second gaseous stream comprising CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The second gaseous stream is fed to a CO.sub.2 to CO conversion system to produce a third gaseous stream comprising H.sub.2 and CO having a H.sub.2:CO molar ratio of less than 5:1. The third gaseous stream is fed as the feedstock for a gas fermentation unit to have increased stability and product selectivity.

Provided is an accommodation body that accommodates a raw material including a hydride from which a hydrogen-containing gas is capable of being obtained by subjecting the raw material to a dehydrogenation reaction. The raw material and a dehydrogenation product produced in combination with the hydrogen-containing gas by the dehydrogenation reaction are capable of being loaded together in an internal space.

Provided is a hydrogen supply system that supplies hydrogen. The hydrogen supply system includes: a dehydrogenation reaction unit that subjects a raw material including a hydride to a dehydrogenation reaction to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas; a circulation system that circulates a reaction inactive fluid to the dehydrogenation reaction unit; and a control unit that controls the hydrogen supply system. The control unit circulates the reaction inactive fluid with the circulation system in a case where production of the hydrogen-containing gas in the dehydrogenation reaction unit is stopped.

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less.

Techniques for converting carbonate material to carbon monoxide include transferring heat and at least one feed stream that includes a carbonate material and at least one of hydrogen, oxygen, water, or a hydrocarbon, into an integrated calcination and syngas production system that includes a syngas generating calciner (SGC) reactor; calcining the carbonate material to produce a carbon dioxide product and a solid oxide product; initiating a syngas production reaction; producing, from the syngas production reaction, at least one syngas product that includes at least one of a carbon monoxide product, a water product or a hydrogen product; and transferring at least one of the solid oxide product or the at least one syngas product out of the SGC reactor.

Provided is a hydrogen supply system that supplies hydrogen. The hydrogen supply system includes: a dehydrogenation reaction unit that subjects a raw material including a hydride to a dehydrogenation reaction to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas; a heating mechanism that heats the dehydrogenation reaction unit by using electric power; and an electric power supply unit that supplies at least one of electric power based on renewable energy and electric power based on thermal power generation equipped with carbon dioxide capture and storage to the heating mechanism.

A production system includes a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber. The first reaction chamber is configured to receive a first hydrocarbon stream therein through an input port and to form carbon seeds and hydrogen gas therein via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the first hydrocarbon stream. The second reaction chamber includes a first input port and a second input port. The second reaction chamber is configured to receive the carbon seeds through the first input port and a second hydrocarbon stream through the second input port, and to form carbon product elements and additional hydrogen gas in the second reaction chamber via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the second hydrocarbon stream. The carbon product elements represent the carbon seeds with additional carbon structure grown on the carbon seeds.

A system and a method for producing hydrogen and electrical power from an aqueous ammonia solution are provided. An exemplary system includes a distillation unit to produce ammonia gas from the aqueous ammonia solution, a compression unit to boost the pressure of the ammonia gas, a membrane separator to catalytically convert the ammonia gas to nitrogen and hydrogen and remove the hydrogen as a permeate, and a micro turbine to combust a retentate to generate energy.