The present invention concerns a process for the separation of a gas mixture containing CO.sub.2 and at least one inert gaseous species, comprising (a) feeding the gas mixture into an adsorption column via a first inlet located at a first side of the column, wherein the adsorption column contains a solid CO.sub.2 sorbent loaded with H.sub.2O molecules and thereby desorbing H.sub.2O molecules and adsorbing CO.sub.2 molecules, to obtain a sorbent loaded with CO.sub.2 and an inert product stream; and then (b) feeding a stripping gas comprising H.sub.2O into the adsorption column via a second inlet located at a second side which is opposite to the first inlet, thereby stripping the sorbent and desorbing CO.sub.2 molecules and adsorbing H.sub.2O molecules, to obtain a sorbent loaded with H.sub.2O and the CO.sub.2 product stream, wherein the adsorption column is re-used in step (a) after being stripped in step (b). The invention also concerns an apparatus for performing the process according to the invention.

A method of generating hydrogen from an offgas includes obtaining the offgas from a renewable diesel unit (RDU). The method further includes inputting the offgas to a steam methane reformer (SMR).

The present invention relates to a process and plant for producing hydrocarbon product boiling in the gasoline boiling range from a feedstock originating from a renewable source, the process and plant comprising a hydroprocessing stage which includes hydrodoxygenation for producing renewable diesel and renewable naphtha, and subsequent aromatization of the renewable naphtha thereby also producing a lighthydrocarbon gas stream, such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG), from which a hydrogen stream is produced.

A method for preparing hydrogen gas includes a decomposition step, a first adsorption step, a second adsorption step, a first regeneration step, a third heat-exchange step, and a second regeneration step.

The invention relates to a method and a system for producing a hydrocarbon- and hydrogen-containing gas mixture from plastics, and the use of the system for producing this gas mixture and the use of this gas mixture as a starting material in chemical syntheses or for gas supply.

The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, the process comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the raw synthesis gas from the gasification zone and supplying at least part of the recovered raw synthesis gas to a partial oxidation zone; equilibrating the H.sub.2:CO ratio of the raw synthesis gas in the partial oxidation zone to obtain equilibrated synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the equilibrated synthesis gas from the partial oxidation zone and treating the gas to remove impurities and generate a fine synthesis gas; optionally adjusting the H.sub.2:CO ratio of at least part of the fine synthesis gas to obtain adjusted fine synthesis gas; and converting the optionally adjusted fine synthesis gas into the useful product in a further chemical reaction requiring a usage ratio; wherein the fine synthesis gas H2:CO ratio is below the usage ratio and wherein any optional adjustment of at least part of the fine synthesis gas H.sub.2:CO ratio is effective to increase the H.sub.2:CO ratio in the fine synthesis gas to a level at, nearer to or above the usage ratio; wherein the H.sub.2:CO ratio of the raw synthesis gas fluctuates during operation of the process as a result of the fluctuating compositional characteristics of the carbonaceous feedstock by a percentage of ±x; and the H.sub.2:CO ratio of the equilibrated synthesis gas does not fluctuate during operation of the process or fluctuates during operation of the process as a result of the fluctuating compositional characteristics of the carbonaceous feedstock by a percentage±y, y being a lower percentage than x.

A method for ammonia decomposition is disclosed. The method may comprise providing a catalyst comprising an zirconia support and a layer adjacent to the support. The layer comprises a tetragonal phase comprising zirconium, cerium, and oxygen, an oxide of at least one of an alkali metal and a rare earth metal, and an active metal. The method may comprise bringing the catalyst in contact with ammonia at a temperature of from about 400° C. to 700° C. to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen and nitrogen at an ammonia conversion efficiency of at least about 70%. The method may comprise directing the hydrogen to generate electricity. The method may comprise generating heat for a reformer comprising the catalyst by combustion of gases or by electricity generated from hydrogen.

Clean, safe, and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various waste sources into a Clean Fuel Gas, Char, and Biochar are provided. The process further converts the Clean Fuel Gas into both a purified hydrogen source for green ammonia production and natural gas. The methods process waste sources to effectively separate, neutralize and/or destroy halogens and other hazardous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas, Char and/or Biochar, which can then further be processed to extract and purify hydrogen for green ammonia production from the Clean Fuel Gas and thereby provide natural gas. The Clean Fuel Gas is a natural and renewable natural gas as it is continually produced and further available for use to provide energy and new products.

A process and apparatus for producing a hydrogen-enriched product and recovering CO.sub.2 from an effluent stream from a hydrogen production process unit are described. The process utilizes a CO.sub.2 recovery system integrated with a PSA system that produces at least two product streams to recover additional hydrogen and CO.sub.2 from the tail gas stream of a hydrogen PSA unit in the hydrogen production process.

A process and apparatus for producing a hydrogen-enriched product and recovering CO.sub.2 from an effluent stream from a hydrogen production unit are described. The effluent from the hydrogen production unit, which comprises a mixture of gases comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water, and at least one of methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and argon, is sent to a PSA system that produces at least two product streams for separation. The PSA system that produces at least two product streams separates the gas mixture into a high-pressure hydrogen stream enriched in hydrogen, optionally a second gas stream containing the majority of the impurities, and a low-pressure tail gas stream enriched in CO.sub.2 and some impurities. The CO.sub.2-rich tail gas stream is compressed and sent to a CO.sub.2 recovery unit, where a CO.sub.2-enriched stream is recovered. The CO.sub.2-depleted overhead gas stream is recycled to the PSA system that produces at least two product streams.