A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased.

A system and a process for producing blue methanol are provided, where blue methanol is understood as methanol produced under conditions limiting the emission of CO.sub.2. The system comprises a shift section, a CO.sub.2 removal section and in a preferred embodiment also a hydrogen recovery section, arranged downstream a methanol synthesis section.

An industrial, commercial and residential Hydrogen production and conversion system is provided. The Hydrogen production and conversion system includes a reactor vessel for facilitating the production of Hydrogen gas and Oxygen gas, a separator vessel for separating the produced Hydrogen and Oxygen gas, a Hydrogen receiver vessel for receiving the separated Hydrogen gas, a compressor for compressing the received Hydrogen gas and a Hydrogen storage vessel for storing the compressed Hydrogen gas and providing the stored Hydrogen gas to one or more power systems to be used as fuel.

A method of capturing carbon dioxide from a steam methane reformer system includes mixing tail gas from the steam methane reformer system with anode exhaust gas from an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell to form a gas mixture, compressing the gas mixture, cooling the gas mixture, and separating the gas mixture into liquid carbon dioxide and a residual gas mixture.

A system and method for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor having a pyrolysis conduit and a solids return conduit segment. Each segment is configured with an outlet and an inlet to receive and discharge solid materials that are circulated through the reactor through the different segments. A solids conveyor is disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet. A pyrolysis feedstock is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor and at least a portion of the feedstock is converted to pyrolysis gases within the pyrolysis conduit segment, which are discharged through a gas outlet.

Organic sulfur compounds contained in refinery off gas streams having either high ort low concentrations of olefins are converted to hydrogen sulfides which can be then be removed using conventional amine treating systems. The process uses a catalytic reactor with or without a hydrotreater depending on the olefin concentration of the off gas stream. The catalytic reactor operates in a hydrogenation mode or an oxidation mode to convert a majority of organic sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfides.

An experimental simulation device for hydrogen production by in-situ conversion of a gas reservoir comprises a gas source, a plurality of groups of reactors and an analysis monitoring device, wherein the gas source comprises a methane tank, a helium tank, an oxygen tank and a water vapor generator, the gas source can supply gas to the reactors separately, the in-situ hydrogen production is simulated in the reactors; and meanwhile, a use method of the experimental simulation device for hydrogen production by in-situ conversion of the gas reservoir can achieve accurate simulation of the multi-stage in-situ hydrogen production and multi-well group cooperative hydrogen production processes of different types of gas reservoirs in actual production by adjusting connection states of the plurality of groups of reactors. The experimental result in the present invention can be closer to the actual production.

A system and method for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor having a pyrolysis conduit and a solids return conduit segment. Each segment is configured with an outlet and an inlet to receive and discharge solid materials that are circulated through the reactor through the different segments. A solids conveyor is disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet. A pyrolysis feedstock is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor and at least a portion of the feedstock is converted to pyrolysis gases within the pyrolysis conduit segment, which are discharged through a gas outlet. An eductor condenser unit with an eductor assembly having a venturi-restricted flow path for receives a pressurized coolant fluid. A second flow path for receiving the discharged pyrolysis gases intersects the venturi-restricted flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid and are discharged together to a mixing chamber that is used to condense pyrolysis gases.

An experimental simulation device for hydrogen production by in-situ conversion of a gas reservoir comprises a gas source, a plurality of groups of reactors and an analysis monitoring device, wherein the gas source comprises a methane tank, a helium tank, an oxygen tank and a water vapor generator, the gas source can supply gas to the reactors separately, the in-situ hydrogen production is simulated in the reactors; and meanwhile, a use method of the experimental simulation device for hydrogen production by in-situ conversion of the gas reservoir can achieve accurate simulation of the multi-stage in-situ hydrogen production and multi-well group cooperative hydrogen production processes of different types of gas reservoirs in actual production by adjusting connection states of the plurality of groups of reactors. The experimental result in the present invention can be closer to the actual production.

A heat recovery system for plasma reformers is comprised of a cascade of regenerators and recuperators that are arranged to transfer in stages the heat at high temperatures for storage, transport, and recirculation. Recirculation of heat increases the efficiency of plasma reformers and heat exchanging reduces temperature of the product for downstream applications.