An exhaust gas cleaning catalyst is provided with a fire-resistant three-dimensional structural body, a first catalyst layer provide on a first surface side of the fire-resistant three-dimensional structural body, and a second catalyst layer provided on a side of the first catalyst layer opposite to the fire-resistant three-dimensional structural body. The first catalyst layer contains: a complex oxide including cerium and zirconium; and elemental rhodium. The second catalyst layer contains: a complex oxide including cerium and zirconium; and elemental palladium. The amount of cerium included in the second catalyst layer, in terms of cerium dioxide, is 10-25 g per liter of the fire-resistant three-dimensional structural body.

A hydrogen mixed gas generation method using a device that includes a heating pipe housing therein a reduction acceleration member and a heating part including a heating device that heats the heating pipe includes a first process and a second process. The first process includes: causing raw water to flow into the heating pipe and heating the flowing raw water to generate water vapor; heating the generated water vapor to between 500° C. to 800° C.; causing the heated water vapor to be in contact with the reduction acceleration member that is heated along with the raw water to reduce the water vapor and generate hydrogen gas. The second process includes: diluting the hydrogen gas generated in the first process to obtain hydrogen mixed gas whose concentration of hydrogen gas is between 500 ppm to 20000 ppm.

The present invention relates to a novel catalyst for LTS processes, the method of its preparation and LTS process by use of this catalyst.

A method of carrying out direct thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon compound into carbon and hydrogen comprises: introducing a gaseous feed stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon compound into a reactor; and removing at least hydrogen gas and particulate carbon formed by thermal decomposition from the reactor. The method includes providing in the reactor a layer permeable to the particulate carbon and comprising loose particles other than the particulate carbon in a gas phase and passing the gaseous feed stream through the layer. The loose particles other than the particulate carbon comprise particles comprising a catalyst on a carrier. The method includes removing at least part of the layer from the reactor, separating constituents of the removed part, the constituents including some of the particles comprising a catalyst on a carrier, and returning the separated particles comprising a catalyst on a carrier to the layer.

Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.

Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.

A highly compact heat integrated fuel processor, which can be used for the production of hydrogen from a fuel source, suitable to feed a fuel cell, is described. The fuel processor assembly comprises a catalytic reforming zone (29) and a catalytic combustion zone (28), separated by a wall (27). Catalyst able to induce the reforming reactions is placed in the reforming zone and catalyst able to induce the combustion reaction is placed in the combustion zone, both in the form of coating on a suitable structured substrate, in the form of a metal monolith. FeCrAIY steel foils, in corrugated form so as to enhance the available area for reaction, can be used as suitable substrates. The reforming and the combustion zones can be either in rectangular shape, forming a stack with alternating combustion/reforming zones or in cylindrical shape forming annular sections with alternating combustion/reforming zones, in close contact to each other. The close placement of the combustion and reforming catalyst facilitate efficient heat transfer through the wall which separates the reforming and combustion chambers.

A method of producing hydrogen may include: providing a catalyst-carbon gel; and flowing a hydrocarbon through a catalyst, wherein catalyst is a metal or mixture of metals that is non-wetting to solid carbon at 1 bar absolute and 10 C. above a melting point of the metal or mixture of metals.

A fuel cell single unit including: a fuel cell element in which an anode layer and a cathode layer are formed so as to sandwich an electrolyte layer; a reducing gas supply path for supplying a gas containing hydrogen to the anode layer; an oxidizing gas supply path for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the cathode layer; and an internal reforming catalyst layer, which has a reforming catalyst for steam-reforming a fuel gas, in at least a part of the reducing gas supply path is provided. An external reformer, which has a reforming catalyst for steam-reforming the fuel gas, is provided upstream of the reducing gas supply path, and the fuel gas partially reformed by the external reformer is supplied to the reducing gas supply path.

A process of catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, particularly methane and/or natural gas to form a product containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide where the first catalyst comprises CoNiCrW alloy.