The invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen in a liquid and to a device for implementing the method characterized in that suspension 1.2 of graphene particles in the liquid is provided to reaction tank 1.1, and then the contents of the reaction tank are exposed to an electromagnetic radiation beam with a wavelength in the UV-VIS-FIR light wave range, which radiation is generated by emitter 1.5, after which the hydrogen liberated from the liquid is transferred through vent 7 outside the reaction tank.

The present disclosure relates to a process plant and a process for production of a hydrogen rich gas, comprising the steps of (a) directing an amount of a synthesis gas comprising at least 15%, 50% or 80% on dry basis of CO and H.sub.2 in combination, a gas comprising steam, and a recycled intermediate product gas to be combined into a first reactor feed gas, (b) directing said first reactor feed gas to contact a first material catalytically active in water gas shift reaction, producing an intermediate product gas, (c) splitting said intermediate product gas in the recycled intermediate product gas and a remaining intermediate product gas, (d) combining said remaining intermediate product gas with a further amount of synthesis gas forming a second reactor feed gas, (e) directing said second reactor feed gas to contact a second material catalytically active in the water gas shift reaction, producing a product gas, characterized in the H.sub.2O:CO ratio in said first reactor feed gas being from 0.5 to 2.0 and the H.sub.2O:CO ratio in said second reactor feed gas being from 0.5 to 2.0. with the associated benefit of distributing the heat development and thus reducing the maximum temperature in the reactors by limiting the extent of reaction of the reacting mixture, and thereby reducing the amount of steam required for limiting methanation.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a nickel-based catalyst promoted with aluminium compounds with increased resistance to thermal deactivation and to the nickel-based catalyst thus obtained. In addition, the present invention relates to the use of said catalyst in a steam reforming process starting from hydrocarbons for producing hydrogen or synthesis gas.

The invention relates to a process for preparing ammonia gas and CO.sub.2 for urea synthesis. In the process of the invention, a process gas containing nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide as main components is produced from a metallurgical gas. The metallurgical gas consists of blast furnace gas, or contains blast furnace gas at least as a mixing component. The process gas is fractionated to give a gas stream containing the CO.sub.2 component and a gas mixture consisting primarily of N.sub.2 and H.sub.2. An ammonia gas suitable for the urea synthesis is produced from the gas mixture by means of ammonia synthesis. CO.sub.2 is branched off from the CO.sub.2-containing gas stream in a purity and amount suitable for the urea synthesis.

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for producing an olefin-containing feed stream for a steam reforming plant. According to the invention, the olefin-containing hydrocarbon starting material is for this purpose heated, vaporized and catalytically hydrogenated. The hydrogenation product stream obtained is separated in a separation apparatus into a gaseous reforming feed stream, which is fed to a steam reforming plant, and a gaseous recycle stream. Here, the entry temperature of the hydrogenation input stream into the hydrogenation reactor is regulated via the degree to which it is heated and/or via the size of the recycle stream. Safe operation of the hydrogenation reactor over a wide range of olefin contents in the hydrocarbon feed is made possible in this way.

The invention relates to a device for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by thermolysis, that is, by decomposition at elevated temperature. This device comprises: a reactor (1) having a heating system (2), a first reactor outlet (3), a second reactor outlet (4), at least one water inlet (5) and at least one oxygen filter (6); at least one hydrogen filter (7); an oxygen extraction pump (8), a hydrogen extraction pump (9), at least one water injection pump (10); a hydrogen separation chamber (11) located outside the reactor (1) and containing the hydrogen filter(s) (7); a heat exchanger (15) comprising an inlet (31) and an outlet (13) for a first circuit and an inlet (17) and an outlet (19) for a second circuit. The particularity of such a device is that it comprises two further heat exchangers (16, 28) each comprising an inlet (14, 27) and an outlet (20, 29) for a first circuit and an inlet (22, 36) and an outlet (23, 34) for a second circuit and in that: the inlet (31) of the first circuit of a first heat exchanger (15) is connected to an external water inlet (12) via the water injection pump (10), the outlet (13) of the first circuit of the first heat exchanger (15) is connected to the inlet (14) of a first circuit of a second heat exchanger (16); the inlet (17) of the second circuit of the first heat exchanger (15) is connected to an outlet (18) of the hydrogen separation chamber (11), which is connected to the filter(s) (7) and the outlet (19) of the second circuit of the first heat exchanger (15) is a hydrogen outlet of the device. The invention also pertains to a process for splitting water into hydrogen using the above device.

The present invention relates, in general, to systems and methods for generating hydrogen from ammonia on-board vehicles, where the produced hydrogen is used as fuel source for an internal combustion engine. The present invention utilizes an electric catalyst unit operating in series with a heat exchange catalyst unit. The electric catalyst unit is used to initiate an ammonia cracking process on-board during a cold start or low load operating condition of the internal combustion engine, where the ammonia cracking process occurs in the heat exchange catalyst unit once exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine has been heated to a threshold temperature suitable to perform the ammonia cracking process.

Steam reforming system having a steam cracker and a steam reformer. The steam cracker includes a steam cracking unit to steam crack a feed stream to produce a stream comprising hydrogen, methane and C2+ hydrocarbons; a heat exchanger for cooling the steam cracking product stream; a separation unit for separating the cooled steam cracking product stream into a gas stream including hydrogen and methane and a liquid stream including methane and C2+ hydrocarbons, a demethanizer which is fed the liquid stream producing a third stream containing at least 95% methane and a fourth stream comprising C2+ hydrocarbons. The steam reformer includes a feed preheater which is fed the third stream and steam to provide a preheated stream and a steam reforming unit arranged for heating the preheated stream to at least 800 C. to steam reforming the heated stream and obtain a product stream containing hydrogen and CO.sub.2.

A process for converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into a product stream comprising carbon monoxide, water and hydrogen by introducing carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen into a reaction vessel, and performing a reverse water gas shift reaction at elevated temperature, wherein (a) no catalyst is present in vessel (b) gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, a hydrogen and an oxygen rich gas stream are introduced into the vessel in separate feed streams, (c) the hydrogen and oxygen rich gas stream being introduced in close vicinity of each other, via burner comprising coaxial channels wherein gases undergo a combustion reaction, providing the heating energy required for the reverse water-gas shift reaction; and (d) the temperature in vessel is in the range of 1000 to 1500? C. by varying the molar ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. It is useful in reducing the carbon footprint of certain industrial technologies, and in production of synthesis gas.

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for producing an olefin-containing feed stream for a steam reforming plant. According to certain embodiments of the invention, the olefin-containing hydrocarbon starting material is for this purpose vaporized and catalytically hydrogenated. The hydrogenation product stream obtained is separated into a gaseous reforming feed stream, which is fed to a steam reforming plant, and a gaseous recycle stream. As a result of the cooling according to the invention of the gaseous recycle stream down to at least partial condensation thereof and the separate recirculation of the gaseous partial recycle stream and of the liquid partial recycle stream, the procurement of a large and complicated circulation compressor is avoided and electric energy for operating this compressor is saved.