A fuel cell system according to the present invention includes a cell stack, a combustion part, a reformed water carburetor, a gas mixer, and a reformer. The cell stack is a cell stack that is configured by stacking fuel cells and generates electric power by using hydrogen-containing gas and oxygen-containing gas. The combustion part burns the hydrogen-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas that have not been consumed in the cell stack. A reformed water carburetor is communicated with the combustion part via an exhaust gas passage and generates steam. The gas mixer, placed on the top of the combustion part. The reformer, placed on the top of the combustion part in contact with the gas mixer, is a reformer, generates the hydrogen-containing gas by reforming the mixed gas, and supplies the hydrogen-containing gas to the cell stack via the hydrogen gas passage.

A reactor containing a heat exchanger is disclosed, which can be operated with co-current or counter-current flow. Also disclosed is a system that includes a reactor having a reformer and a vaporizer, a fuel supply, and a water supply. The reactor includes a source of combustion gas, a reformer operative to receive reformate, and a vaporizer operative to receive water. The reformer and vaporizer each include a stack assembly formed by a combination of separator shims and channel shims. The separator shims and channel shims are stacked in a regular pattern to form two sets of channels within the stack assembly. One set of channels will have vertical passageways at either end and a horizontal flowpath between them, while the other set of channels has only a horizontal flowpath.

One object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing stable isotope labeled carbon monoxide capable of controlling the abundance ratio of a specific kind of the stable oxygen isotope to be an arbitrary value, the present invention provides a method for producing stable isotope labeled carbon monoxide including: a first mixing step in which carbon monoxide selectively containing at least one kind of stable isotope selected from the group consisting of .sup.12C.sup.16O, .sup.12C.sup.17O, .sup.12C.sup.18O, .sup.13C.sup.16O, .sup.13C.sup.17O, and .sup.13C.sup.18O, and water vapor selectively containing at least one kind of stable isotope selected form the group consisting of H.sub.2.sup.16O, H.sub.2.sup.17O and H.sub.2.sup.18O are mixed to produce stable isotope labeled carbon dioxide: and a second mixing step in which the stable isotope labeled carbon dioxide produced in the first mixing step and hydrogen are mixed.

Provided is a method for preparing synthesis gas, and more particularly, a method for preparing synthesis gas including: mixing a pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) stream including a PFO and a pyrolysis gas oil (PGO) stream including a PGO discharged from a naphtha cracking center (NCC) process to produce a mixed oil stream (S10); and supplying the mixed oil stream to a combustion chamber for a gasification process to obtain synthesis gas (S20), wherein a ratio of a flow rate of the PGO stream in the mixed oil stream to a flow rate of the mixed oil stream is 0.01 to 0.3.

The invention relates to petroleum sludge or other wastes recycle treatment system, which includes a pre-treatment operation facility for a treated matter to be treated as a raw material. A feeding unit is arranged to feed the raw material into at least one gasification reactor with a push rod or a screw for pyrolysis gasification. The upper half of the at least one gasification reactor is provided with a syngas collecting pipe which can be connected with a gas collecting pump, and the lower half is provided with a liquid petroleum output pipe and an ash residue outlet, in which the ash residue outlet can be provided with a spiral pipe to draw the ash residue out. The petroleum sludge and other wastes in a dense fluid state are transported from a raw material tank to the at least one gasification reactor end which is bent upward through at least one pipe body, and the feeding mode of pyrolysis gasification of the raw material from below to upper of the gasification reactor is adopted. The top of the at least one gasification reactor is provided with a syngas collecting pipe, and the other side is provided with an ash residue accumulation chamber. The ash residue can be centralized and discharged through the lower buffer chamber and the slag discharge chamber, so as to convert the petroleum sludge or other wastes into more energy-efficient syngas providing human beings as users of electric or thermal energy.

The disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus arranged and designed for converting non-methane hydrocarbon gases into multiple product gas streams including a predominately hydrogen gas stream and a predominately methane gas steam. Hydrocarbon gas streams are reformed, cracked, or converted into a synthesis gas stream and methane gas stream by receiving a volume of flare gas or other hydrocarbon liquid or gas feed, where the volume of hydrocarbon feed includes a volume of methane and volume of nonmethane hydrocarbons. The hydrogen contained in the syngas may be separated into a pure hydrogen gas stream. A corresponding gas conversion system can include a super heater to provide a hydrocarbon feed/steam mixture, a heavy hydrocarbon reactor for synthesis gas formation, and a hydrogen separator to recover the hydrogen portion of the synthesis gas.

A dry reforming process for producing a synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon fuel is described. A feed stream is preheated. The feed stream includes the hydrocarbon fuel and carbon dioxide. The feed stream is flowed to a reactor. The reactor includes a catalyst. Flowing the feed stream to the reactor brings the feed stream into contact with the catalyst in the absence of oxygen and causes a dry reforming reaction within the reactor for a period of time sufficient to reform the hydrocarbon fuel to produce the synthesis gas. The catalyst includes nickel (Ni), lanthanum oxide (La.sub.2O.sub.3), cerium oxide (Ce.sub.2O.sub.3), and platinum (Pt).

The disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus arranged and designed for converting non-methane hydrocarbon gases into multiple product gas streams including a predominately hydrogen gas stream and a predominately methane gas steam. Hydrocarbon gas streams are reformed, cracked, or converted into a synthesis gas stream and methane gas stream by receiving a volume of flare gas or other hydrocarbon liquid or gas feed, where the volume of hydrocarbon feed includes a volume of methane and a volume of non-methane hydrocarbons. The hydrogen contained in the syngas may be separated into a pure hydrogen gas stream. A corresponding gas conversion system can include a super heater to provide a hydrocarbon feed/steam mixture, a heavy hydrocarbon reactor for synthesis gas formation, and a hydrogen separator to recover the hydrogen portion of the synthesis gas. The gas conversion system can have a modal design such that it can operate to form hydrogen gas or alternatively operate to form synthetic natural gas with the same unit operation components.

Systems and methods for forming a liquid mixture having a predetermined mix ratio and reforming systems, reforming methods, fuel cell systems, and fuel cell methods that utilize the liquid mixture. The methods include apportioning a preselected volume of liquid from a liquid source. During the apportioning, the liquid is a first liquid, and the methods further include providing a first preselected volume of the first liquid to a mix tank. The methods also include repeating the apportioning with a second liquid providing a second preselected volume of the second liquid to the mix tank to generate the liquid mixture. The methods also may include providing the liquid mixture to a reforming region, reforming the liquid mixture to generate a mixed gas stream that includes hydrogen gas, and providing the hydrogen gas to a fuel cell assembly to generate an electric current.

A fuel cell system is disclosed. The fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell module including a plurality of unit cells for generating electrical energy by using oxygen of air and hydrogen of a reformed fuel gas; a first module including a burner part which burns an unreacted fuel gas and air discharged from the fuel cell module, an air-heating part which heats air through heat exchange with a hot combustion gas and a flame generated by the burner part and supplies the heated air to the fuel cell module, and a water vapor generation part which converts water, flowing through an inner portion thereof, into water vapor through heat exchange with a hot combustion gas generated by the burner part; and a second module which mixes a fuel supplied from an external fuel supply source and water vapor supplied from a water-vapor generator part.