Disclosed herein is a method of producing hydrogen, the method comprising: receiving a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons; performing one or more reforming processes on the feed gas so as to generate a reformed gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; performing a water-gas-shift process on the reformed gas so as to generate a shifted gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide; performing a hydrogen separation process and a carbon dioxide separation process on the shifted gas to thereby generate separate streams of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a rest gas; and the method further comprises recycling at least part of the rest gas by feeding at least part of the rest gas back into one or more of the one or more reforming processes, the water-gas-shift process, the hydrogen separation process and the carbon dioxide separation process; wherein the portion of the rest gas that is recycled is at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90%.

A reforming process comprising for production of a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas with a thermally integrated gas turbine engine wherein the hot exhaust gas of the gas turbine engine is the heat source for preheating one or more process streams of the reforming process.

Heat exchanger-reformer for use in a hydrogen production plant for producing syngas, for instance by means of a steam methane reforming method, wherein the reformer comprises vessel with a first inlet for supplying feed and a second inlet for supplying hot reformer effluent, preferably coming from a main steam methane reformer, wherein the heat exchanger-reformer further comprises a heat exchanging section that is arranged in fluid connection with the first and second inlets for exchanging heat between the feed and reformer effluent to effectuate steam reforming of hydrocarbon to produce syngas, wherein the heat exchanging section comprises a plate heat exchanger assembly for heat exchange between said feed and said reformer effluent.

Process and plant for producing a synthesis gas by catalytic steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock in a steam reforming unit, wherein water is removed from the synthesis gas as a process condensate, wherein boiler feed water is introduced in the process, and wherein said process or plant produces at least two separate steam streams: a pure steam which is generated from at least a portion of said boiler feed water by the cooling of synthesis gas, and a process steam which is generated by evaporating at least a portion of the process condensate by using synthesis gas, optionally together with pure steam and/or flue gas from the steam reforming unit.

A production system includes a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber. The first reaction chamber is configured to receive a first hydrocarbon stream therein through an input port and to form carbon seeds and hydrogen gas therein via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the first hydrocarbon stream. The second reaction chamber includes a first input port and a second input port. The second reaction chamber is configured to receive the carbon seeds through the first input port and a second hydrocarbon stream through the second input port, and to form carbon product elements and additional hydrogen gas in the second reaction chamber via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the second hydrocarbon stream. The carbon product elements represent the carbon seeds with additional carbon structure grown on the carbon seeds.

A combined reforming apparatus is provided. The combined reforming apparatus includes a body, a first catalyst tube disposed inside the body and reacting at a first temperature to reform hydrocarbons (CA) having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH.sub.4), a second catalyst tube disposed inside the body, connected to the first catalyst tube, and reacting at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to reform methane (CH.sub.4) into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO), a combustion unit configured to supply heat to the first and second catalyst tubes, a gas supply pipe configured to supply hydrocarbon gas to the first catalyst tube, a first steam supply pipe configured to supply steam to the first catalyst tube, and a second steam supply pipe configured to supply steam to the second catalyst tube.

A novel process for synthesis gas generation comprises treating a hydrocarbon feed in a primary reformer (PR), compressing at least part of the flue gas from the primary reformer in a compressor (C1), and feeding the compressed flue gas to a secondary reformer (SR) together with the primary reformer effluent. In the process, enriched air (EA) is added either to the primary reformer, to the secondary reformer or both. The process is especially suited for co-production of ammonia and methanol or for production of either ammonia or methanol. The total CO.sub.2 emission is lowered considerably by using the process of the invention.

A bio-renewable conversion process for making fuel from bio-renewable feedstocks is combined with a hydrogen production process that includes recovery of CO.sub.2. The integrated process uses a purge gas stream comprising hydrogen from the bio-renewable hydrocarbon production process in the hydrogen production process.

A method for producing high-efficiency methanol capable of reducing emission of carbon dioxide. The method includes: a first step of preparing mixed gas by using steam and natural gas as raw materials and converting C.sub.2+ hydrocarbon contained in the natural gas into methane on a catalyst; a second step of preparing a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen by reforming the mixed gas in a reformer filled with a reforming catalyst; and a third step of preparing methanol by using the synthesis gas as the raw material and reacting the synthesis gas.

A method and system for producing methanol that employs an integrated oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed. The integrated oxygen transport membrane based reforming system carries out a primary reforming process, a secondary reforming process, and synthesis gas conditioning to produce synthesis gas having a desired module of between about 2.0 and 2.2 for a methanol production process thereby optimizing the efficiency and productivity of the methanol plant.