The invention relates to a a method for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel, said method comprising the steps of: providing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising biogas; optionally, purifying the hydrocarbon feed stream in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the hydrocarbon feed stream together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a synthetic fuel synthesis unit, preferably a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, for converting said synthesis gas into hydrocarbon product and producing a tail gas. The invention also relates to a system for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel.

A method for thermal cracking of a hydrocarbon to produce hydrogen gas and carbon comprises heating a molten medium to an operating temperature sufficient to thermally crack the hydrocarbon. The operating temperature may, for example be in the range of 600° C. to 1100° C. The method mixes the hydrocarbon into the heated molten medium and pumping the mixed molten medium and hydrocarbon through a reactor. In the reactor, the hydrocarbon undergoes a thermal cracking reaction which forms hydrogen gas and carbon black. The method separates the carbon and hydrogen gas from the molten medium that has passed through the reactor. In some embodiments, the flow of the molten medium in the reactor is a turbulent flow.

A method to produce syngas from a feed oil comprising the steps of increasing a pressure of a slurry catalyst; increasing a temperature of the pressurized slurry stream; increasing a pressure of the feed oil; increasing a temperature of the pressurized feed stream; mixing the hot slurry stream and the hot oil stream; increasing a temperature of the mixed stream in a combined heater to produce a hot mixed stream; maintaining upgrading reactions of hydrocarbons in the supercritical reactor to produce a supercritical effluent; reducing a pressure of the supercritical effluent; separating the depressurized effluent in a separator to produce a gas stream; separating the gas stream to produce a light hydrocarbon stream; mixing the light hydrocarbon stream and a catalyst feed; introducing the hot feed to a steam reformer; maintaining water gas shift reactions of the light hydrocarbon gases in the steam reformer to produce a reformer effluent.

A hydrogen storage device 200 comprises: a first vessel 230, having a first fluid inlet 210 and/or a first fluid outlet 220, having therein a thermally conducting network 240 thermally coupled to a first heater (not shown); wherein the first vessel 230 is arranged to receive therein a hydrogen storage material in thermal contact, at least in part, with the thermally conducting network 240; wherein the thermally conducting network 240 has a lattice geometry, a gyroidal geometry and/or a fractal geometry in two and/or three dimensions, comprising a plurality of nodes, having thermally conducting arms therebetween, with voids between the arms; and wherein the hydrogen storage material comprises and/or is a liquid organic hydrogen carrier, LOHC.

The system includes a reactor vessel having a reactor space bound by a reactor wall. The reactor vessel is arranged for holding a mixture of a catalyst and formic acid in the reactor space. The reactor vessel includes a mixture inflow opening for allowing the mixture to enter the reactor space and a mixture outflow opening for allowing said mixture to exit the reactor space, and a gas outflow opening for allowing hydrogen originating from the mixture to exit the reactor space. A method for hydrogen production includes: providing the formic acid and the catalyst into the reactor space; withdrawing the mixture from the reactor space; heating and/or cooling the mixture to a predetermined temperature range outside the reactor space; and introducing the heated and/or cooled mixture into the reactor space in a predetermined direction having a tangential component arranged for stirring said mixture in the reactor space.

A reforming device is provided with: a reformer in which an ammonia gas is burnt by air to generate heat to reform the ammonia gas utilizing the generated heat; a supply pipe through which a gas comprising the ammonia gas and air to be fed to the reformer flows; a gas inlet which is arranged in the supply pipe and through which the ammonia gas and air are introduced into the inside of the supply pipe in such a manner that a tubular flow can be generated; an igniter which can ignite the ammonia gas introduced into the inside of the supply pipe through the gas inlet; and an ammonia gas inlet which is arranged in the supply pipe on a side closer to the reformer than the gas inlet and through which the ammonia gas is introduced into the inside of the supply pipe.

There are provided systems and methods for using fuel-rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. In an embodiment, the system and method use air-breathing piston engines and turbine engines for the fuel-rich partial oxidation of the flare gas to form synthesis gas, and reactors to convert the synthesis gas into the end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

A furnace for gas fields, refineries reforming, petrochemical plants, or hydrogen generation by gasification may include: a radiant zone; a convective zone; and a first and second series of pipes through which at least two segregated process gas flows respectively pass. A first process gas flow may enter the furnace through the convective zone and, flowing through the first series of pipes, may leave the furnace through the radiant zone, or alternatively the first process gas flow may enter the furnace through the radiant zone and, flowing through the first series of pipes, may leave the furnace through the radiant zone. At least a second process gas flow may enter the furnace through the convective zone, may pass through the second series of pipes, and may leave the furnace through the convective zone. The second of series of pipes may be made of material resistant to acid gases.

A hydrogen generator includes a reaction vessel, a water supply, a temperature adjustor, and a controller. The reaction vessel houses a hydrogen generating material having hydrogen generating ability. The hydrogen generating material includes a two-dimensional hydrogen boride sheet having a two-dimensional network and containing multiple negatively charged boron atoms. The controller is configured to execute a hydrogen generating mode to generate hydrogen from the hydrogen generating material and a regenerating mode to recover the hydrogen generating ability of the hydrogen generating material. The controller controls the temperature adjustor to heat the hydrogen generating material at a first predetermined temperature during the hydrogen generating mode. The controller controls the temperature adjustor to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen generating material to a second predetermined temperature and controls the water supply to supply water during the regenerating mode.

The present invention describes an improved catalytic reactor system with an improved catalyst that transforms CO.sub.2 and low carbon H.sub.2 into low-carbon syngas with greater than an 80% CO.sub.2 conversion efficiency, resulting in the reduction of plant capital and operating costs compared to processes described in the current art. The inside surface of the adiabatic catalytic reactors is lined with an insulating, non-reactive surface which does not react with the syngas and effect catalyst performance. The improved catalyst is robust, has a high CO.sub.2 conversion efficiency, and exhibits little or no degradation in performance over long periods of operation. The low-carbon syngas is used to produce low-carbon fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, kerosene, others), chemicals, and other products resulting in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel derived products.