The invention relates to a method and a system for upgrading a hydrocarbon-containing feed gas to a methanol product stream and a hydrogen product stream. As part of the method/system, a synthesis gas stream is compressed to a pressure being higher than the feed pressure of the hydrocarbon feed gas, prior to being fed to a methanol synthesis unit. A hydrogen product stream is provided by separating a hydro-gen rich stream, downstream the methanol synthesis unit.

A reactor system for partial oxidation gasification includes a reactor vessel that has a defined reaction zone with a reaction zone inlet and a reaction zone outlet. An injector section is operable to inject reactants to the reaction zone inlet. A coolant injector is operable to inject a coolant adjacent a reaction zone outlet. A reactor vessel outlet is located downstream of the coolant injector. A controller is configured to operate the coolant injector with respect to cooling a synthesis gas discharged from the reaction zone outlet and upwardly shifting a ratio H.sub.2:CO to a target ratio.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for producing synthesis gas (syngas) using bio-oil. In some embodiments, syngas is produced by steam reforming bio-oil. In some embodiments, the bio-oil is provided in liquid form. In some embodiments at least some of the liquid bio-oil is transitioned into droplet form when entering a reformer for steam-reforming. In some embodiments, the reformer produces a gas stream comprising syngas, which may be fed to a furnace (e.g., direct reducing furnace, shaft furnace) for reducing iron ore to iron. In some embodiments, the amount of oxygen provided to the reformer is regulated based on an equivalence ratio (ER) corresponding to moles of oxygen fed to the reformer divided by moles of oxygen necessary to achieve stoichiometric combustion of the bio-oil, wherein an exemplary ER value is from about 0.1 to about 0.6.

A hydrogen production system has an automatic feeding device connected to a buffer tank, and a first valve controlling hydrogen-producing materials to be fed into the buffer tank or not. The buffer tank connects to a main reactor, and the hydrogen-producing materials in the buffer tank are controlled by a second valve to be fed into the main reactor or not. The main reactor connects to a hydrogen storing tank. A one-way check valve is mounted between the main reactor and the hydrogen storing tank to avoid hydrogen in the hydrogen storing tank flowing back to the main reactor. The hydrogen-producing materials in the main reactor undergo a chemical reaction to produce the hydrogen, and the hydrogen storing tank stores the hydrogen to provide fuel of a fuel cell for reducing transporting cost of the hydrogen and for enhancing safety of storing the hydrogen.

A hydrogen generation system including: a reformer generating hydrogen-containing gas using a raw material and reforming water; a combustor combusting hydrogen-containing gas and air and generating exhaust gas; a first channel passing cooling water; a condenser generating condensed water by heat exchange between exhaust gas and cooling water; a tank storing condensed water as cooling water; a pump supplying cooling water from the tank to the condenser; a second channel branching at a branch between the pump and condenser in the first channel, and passing some cooling water to the reformer as reforming water; a heater provided downstream of the branch, and heating the first channel; a temperature detector detecting the temperature of the first channel; and a controller, in an activation operation mode, determining whether the second channel is filled with reforming water, based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector after the heater has operated.

A hydrogen generator and methods of generating hydrogen are described in which a hydride is hydrolyzed in a reaction chamber in an exothermic reaction by the addition of liquid water to be vaporized in the reaction chamber, and/or the added water is controlled in relation to the hydrogen generated according to a value x defined by equations, which, for a divalent metal, reads:
MH.sub.2+xH.sub.2O.fwdarw.(2x)MO+(x1)M(OH).sub.2+2H.sub.2,
wherein M symbolizing the divalent metal and x is preferred in the interval of 1.2 to 1.3. The equation as well as the values of x depend on the sort of hydride, i.e. whether a 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-valent hydride is applied. The hydrogen generator has a reaction chamber and an operably coupled water storage vessel acting also as condenser for recycled water.

A hydrogen production device that includes a reactor that includes a filler containing a catalyst for pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon; a gas supply section that supplies gas containing a hydrocarbon compound; and a microwave irradiation section that irradiates the catalyst with a microwave. The gas supply section supplies the gas at a flow rate at which the filler is fluidized, and hydrogen is generated by the hydrocarbon compound being pyrolyzed in the presence of the catalyst activated by the microwave. A carbon aggregate production device includes a reactor that includes a filler containing a catalyst for pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon; a gas supply section that supplies, to the reactor, gas containing a hydrocarbon compound; and a microwave irradiation section that irradiates the catalyst with a microwave. The gas supply section supplies the gas at a flow rate at which the filler is fluidized, and a carbon aggregate is generated by the hydrocarbon compound being pyrolyzed in the presence of the catalyst activated by the microwave.

Apparatus and processes for high-yield production of syngas components via combustion of a carbon-containing material and an oxygen-containing material are provided. Syngas components are generated in an exothermic, combustion reaction with only minor quantities of carbon dioxide, water, and elemental carbon produced.

A distributed Biogas Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Generator can provide automatically hot water and electricity for local applications. Since biogas is produced by an anaerobic digester from human, animal, kitchen and agriculture's wastes, it is a short term recycled product from the photosynthesis of CO.sub.2, and has a net zero carbon emission.

The sulfur compounds in the biogas can be removed by the following steps: (1). converting all sulfur compounds into H.sub.2S by the hydrogen produced from the biogas over Pt group metal catalysts; (2). adsorbing the H.sub.2S at high temperature by the regenerable Pt group metal catalyst and adsorbents.

The desulfurized biogas is further converted by an ATR/CPO reformer or a steam generating reformer to produce various reformates, which can be connected to a downstream IC engine/gas turbine, and/or a steam turbine to drive electric generators for generating electricity. The hot reformate and the exhaust gases can be cooled in heat exchangers to produce hot water/hot air.

A hydrogen production system has an automatic feeding device connected to a buffer tank, and a first valve controlling hydrogen-producing materials to be fed into the buffer tank or not. The buffer tank connects to a main reactor, and the hydrogen-producing materials in the buffer tank are controlled by a second valve to be fed into the main reactor or not. The main reactor connects to a hydrogen storing tank. A one-way check valve is mounted between the main reactor and the hydrogen storing tank to avoid hydrogen in the hydrogen storing tank flowing back to the main reactor. The hydrogen-producing materials in the main reactor undergo a chemical reaction to produce the hydrogen, and the hydrogen storing tank stores the hydrogen to provide fuel of a fuel cell for reducing transporting cost of the hydrogen and for enhancing safety of storing the hydrogen.