A method of direct reduction of iron (DRI) is disclosed, the method comprising generating metallic iron by removing oxygen from iron ore using a reducing gaseous mixture with excess carbon monoxide that produces an excess CO.sub.2 by-product is provided. CO.sub.2 by-product is optionally sequestered. A system for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells with processes for iron and/or steel production. The systems and methods can provide process improvements such as increased efficiency, reduction of carbon emissions per ton of product produced, or simplified capture of the carbon emissions as an integrated part of the system. The number of separate processes and the complexity of the overall production system can be reduced while providing flexibility in fuel feed stock and the various chemical, heat, and electrical outputs needed to power the processes.

Systems and methods for sequestering carbon, evolving hydrogen gas, producing iron oxide as magnetite, and producing magnesium carbonate as magnesite through sequential carbonation and serpentinization/hydration reactions involving processed olivineand/or pyroxene-rich ores, as typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rock. Precious or scarce metals, such nickel, cobalt, chromium, rare earth elements, and others, may be concentrated in the remaining ore to facilitate their recovery from any gangue material.

A method comprising the steps of: a) capturing carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide absorption unit using a carbon dioxide absorption solution; b) feeding the carbon dioxide absorption solution comprising absorbed carbon dioxide and generated in step a) to the high-pressure regenerator of a heat exchange system comprising the high-pressure regenerator and a steam-fired reboiler; and c) supplying low-pressure steam at a pressure ranging from 3.2 to 3.5 kg/cm.sup.2 to the steam-fired reboiler for supplying heat to the high-pressure regenerator wherein, the carbon dioxide absorption solution is heated, thereby producing a steam condensate and a regenerated carbon dioxide absorption solution; characterized in that the method further comprises the step of: d) directly supplying the steam condensate produced in step c) to a de-aerator, thereby producing an aqueous solution suitable for producing steam with an oxygen content lower than 20 ppb.

A facility and methods to produce blue hydrogen with low carbon intensity scores. The facility and methods combine technologies to synthesize methane into qualified clean hydrogen (QCH) with low carbon intensity scores by mitigating CO2 emissions from upstream gas well gathering systems as well as midstream hydrogen production systems, employing hydrogen powered gas turbines to mitigate use of grid power, and leveraging CO2 capture technologies.

A system for producing CO and CO2 to achieve an efficient oil recovery operation that minimizes undesirable gaseous emissions is provided. The system includes a portable CO-producing device, a portable CO2-producing device located proximate to the reservoir, and a gas collecting device configured to receive CO and CO2 and selectively distribute a desired ratio of CO and CO2 dynamically based on current reservoir conditions. Producing CO2 proximate to the reservoir comprises reforming carbon-based fuel within oxygen. Electrical energy generated is used to selectively distribute the desired ratio of CO/CO2 to the reservoir with de minimis greenhouse gases produced transmitted into the atmosphere. The system is an energy-efficient arrangement that recycles and reuses by-products and unused products from the process. Greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced compared to conventional processes by-products are fully utilized. Hydrogen produced can be used to generate electricity, as can heat generated from other sources within the process.

Processes and systems that utilize methane pyrolysis for carbon capture from a petrochemical stream that contains hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be the tail gas of a hydrocarbon cracking system, or any other petrochemical stream containing hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be separated into a hydrogen product stream and a methane product stream, before sending the methane product stream to a methane pyrolysis unit. The methane pyrolysis unit converts methane to solid carbon and hydrogen.

Provided herein is process of obtaining hydrogen from a blue hydrogen production facility that meets a target carbon intensity (CI.sub.T), the process comprising: generating hydrogen from non-renewable feedstock; capturing and sequestering fossil CO.sub.2 derived from the non-renewable feedstock; and at least partially powering hydrogen production with renewable electricity, the renewable electricity being derived from biomass in which biogenic carbon produced therefrom (e.g., carbon dioxide, char and the like) is captured and sequestered; and wherein the use of the renewable electricity in the hydrogen production allows the carbon intensity of the hydrogen produced therefrom to be reduced sufficiently so that the target carbon intensity (CI.sub.T) is achieved.

Methods of using sorbents to enhance the production of hydrogen from fuel, and related systems, are generally described. In some embodiments, the production of hydrogen from the fuel involves a reforming reaction and/or a gasification reaction combined with a water-gas shift reaction.

Methods and articles are provided for reducing the amount of water consumed by a plant over a period of time, sequestering CO.sub.2, and producing electricity, where each method includes providing the plant with a composition including at least about 0.1 (wt./wt. or vol./vol.) % CO.sub.2 and/or at least about 0.1 wt./wt. % of a composition that generates CO.sub.2. An apparatus is also disclosed for providing the plant with a composition including CO.sub.2 and/or a composition that generates CO.sub.2.