The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for mass producing hydrogen by reforming plastic waste by means of an electromagnetic plasma torch and, more specifically, to an apparatus and method for mass producing hydrogen by injecting steam or carbon dioxide to an electromagnetic plasma torch system to reform, with high efficiency, a plastic waste compound in a high-temperature reforming chamber by means of active particles which may be generated in a torch flame such as oxygen atoms, hydrogen oxide molecules, hydrogen atoms, carbon monoxide molecules and the like. Synthesis gases generated by reforming in the reforming chamber are mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Carbon monoxide is converted to hydrogen by a water gas reaction, and hydrogen is refined by pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Therefore, vinyl waste and plastic waste which are most fatal to the Earth's environment are eliminated while hydrogen, which is one of the most environment-friendly energy sources, is produced.

A carbon capture enabled system and method for generating electric power and/or fuel from methane containing sources using oxygen transport membranes by first converting the methane containing feed gas into a high pressure synthesis gas. Then, in one configuration the synthesis gas is combusted in oxy-combustion mode in oxygen transport membranes based boiler reactor operating at a pressure at least twice that of ambient pressure and the heat generated heats steam in thermally coupled steam generation tubes within the boiler reactor; the steam is expanded in steam turbine to generate power; and the carbon dioxide rich effluent leaving the boiler reactor is processed to isolate carbon. In another configuration the synthesis gas is further treated in a gas conditioning system configured for carbon capture in a pre-combustion mode using water gas shift reactors and acid gas removal units to produce hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuel gas that fuels an integrated gas turbine and steam turbine system to generate power. The disclosed method and system can also be adapted to integrate with coal gasification systems to produce power from both coal and methane containing sources with greater than 90% carbon isolation.

Methods and apparatuses for separating CO.sub.2 and sulfur-containing compounds from a synthesis gas obtained from gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. The primary separating steps are performed using a sour pressure swing adsorption (SPSA) system, followed by an acid gas enrichment system and a sulfur removal unit. The SPSA system includes multiple pressure equalization steps and a rinse step using a rinse gas that is supplied from a source other than directly from one of the adsorber beds of the SPSA system.

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO.sub.2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO.sub.2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

In an embodiment, a process of making C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons comprises contacting a feed comprising a methane steam reforming gas and an additional carbon dioxide with a manganese oxide-copper oxide catalyst to produce a product syngas in a contacting zone under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 620 to 650 C.; and converting the product syngas to C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst; wherein the methane steam reforming gas has an initial H.sub.2:CO volume ratio greater than 3; wherein the product syngas has a H.sub.2:CO volume ratio of 1.5 to 3; and wherein the contacting further comprises removing water.

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.

Methods which utilize low-grade heat produced in the hydrogen production process to reduce the energy required by the compressor to compress the PSA tail gas stream. The low-grade heat is used to produce a low-pressure steam stream. The low pressure steam stream is introduced to a steam turbine to generate power. The power produced by the turbine reduces the amount of power required to operate the tail gas compressor, thus reducing the overall power requirement for the process.

Method and apparatus for converting waste solid sustainable carbon material to chemical products is described herein. The methods add hydrocarbon derived from fossil sources to gas derived from gasifying waste solid sustainable carbon material to enhance hydrogen availability, and in some cases carbon availability, for production of the chemical products. Carbon dioxide made by the process is at least partially sequestered to yield a chemical manufacturing process with environmental burden substantially less than conventional processes. Use of the hydrocarbon boosts yield of final products.

Systems and methods for providing an integrated carbon sequestration and power generation system are disclosed. The integrated carbon sequestration and power generation system may include: a thermodynamic cycle configured to receive biomass and to output heat and power; and a direct air capture system configured to receive at least some of the heat and the power output from the thermodynamic cycle. Other aspects are described and claimed.

This disclosure relates to methods for reducing CO.sub.2 emissions from a fluid catalytic cracking process by providing a chemical looping system comprising a regenerator and reducer reactor, an oxidizer reactor, and a combustor reactor, and by sequestering the carbon dioxide of a CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O stream. Also, this disclosure relates to methods for reducing CO.sub.2 emissions from a fluid catalytic cracking process by partially oxidizing catalyst coke particles in a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator reactor to produce synthesis gas, and by providing a chemical looping system comprising a reducer reactor, an oxidizer reactor, and a combustor reactor.