A process and/or system for producing fuel using renewable hydrogen having a reduced carbon intensity. The renewable hydrogen is produced in a hydrogen production process comprising methane reforming, wherein at least a portion of the feedstock for the hydrogen production process comprises upgraded biogas sourced from a plurality of biogas plants. Each of the upgraded biogases is produced in a process that includes collecting biogas comprising methane and carbon dioxide, capturing at least 50% of the carbon dioxide originally present in the collected biogas and producing the upgraded biogas. Storage of the captured carbon dioxide reducing a carbon intensity of the fuel, without having to provide carbon capture and storage of carbon dioxide from hydrogen production.

A bio-renewable conversion process for making fuel from bio-renewable feedstocks is combined with a hydrogen production process that includes recovery of CO.sub.2. The integrated process uses a purge gas stream comprising hydrogen from the bio-renewable hydrocarbon production process in the hydrogen production process.

There are provided CCUS systems and methods having gas-to-liquid systems and processes, e.g., for processing flare gas to methanol. In these systems an air-breathing engine reformer produces a syngas intermediate that is further converted to methanol in a downstream synthesis step. The CCUS system has a CO.sub.2 separator that receives a gas-phase stream and separates this stream into two streams, a CO.sub.2-rich stream and a CO.sub.2-depleted stream. The CCUS systems may further have a hydrogen separator that receive a gas-phase stream and separates that stream into a hydrogen-rich stream and a hydrogen-depleted stream. The CO.sub.2-rich stream can be used for use in EOR, storage or both.

The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a synthetic fuel comprising gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass to generate a raw synthesis gas; supplying the raw synthesis gas to a primary clean-up zone to wash particulates and ammonia or HCl out of the raw synthesis gas; contacting the synthesis gas in a secondary clean-up zone with a physical solvent for sulphurous materials; contacting the desulphurised raw synthesis gas in a tertiary clean-up zone with a physical solvent for CO.sub.2 effective to absorb CO.sub.2; removing at least part of the absorbed CO.sub.2 in a solvent regeneration stage to recover CO.sub.2 in a form sufficiently pure for sequestration or other use; and supplying the clean synthesis gas to a further reaction train to generate a synthetic fuel.

An automatic control system (ACS) for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) of one or more gases from one or more plants may receive, from one or more sensors, one or more parameters of at least one gas of one or more gases through a system gas flow inlet channel, a first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a plug flow reactor (PFR), a second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a bypass channel that bypasses the PFR, the CO.sub.2 flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit, or the syngas flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit. The ACS may also command one or more flow controllers to modulate at least one of the first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through PFR or the second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through the bypass channel based on the one or more parameters.

A method for producing a synthetic fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide comprises extracting hydrogen molecules from hydrogen compounds in a hydrogen feedstock to produce a hydrogen-containing fluid stream; extracting carbon dioxide molecules from a dilute gaseous mixture in a carbon dioxide feedstock to produce a carbon dioxide containing fluid stream; and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams to produce a synthetic fuel. At least some thermal energy and/or material used for at least one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams is obtained from thermal energy and/or material produced by another one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams.

A hydrocarbon feed stream is exposed to heat in an absence of oxygen to the convert the hydrocarbon feed stream into a solids stream and a gas stream. The gas stream is separated into an exhaust gas stream and a first hydrogen stream. The carbon is separated from the solids stream to produce a carbon stream. Electrolysis is performed on a water stream to produce an oxygen stream and a second hydrogen stream. An iron ore is reduced by flowing hydrogen across the iron ore to produce iron. The iron and a first portion of the carbon of the carbon stream are combined to produce steel. At least a portion of the oxygen of the oxygen stream and a second portion of the carbon of the carbon stream are combined to generate power and a carbon dioxide stream.

The present disclosure provides a method for reducing the carbon intensity of hydrogen by replacing, at a hydrogen production facility, a fraction of a non-renewable gaseous feedstock with a biomethane feedstock, wherein the non-renewable gaseous feedstock replaced is (a) a feedstock fed to methane reforming and/or (b) a feedstock used to generate heat for the reforming in the hydrogen production, and wherein the fraction of the non-renewable gaseous feedstock replaced by the biomethane feedstock is less than 50% and is at least r defined by Equation A herein. The disclosed process for reducing the carbon intensity of hydrogen is designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change. The biomethane feedstock in some examples has a carbon intensity (CI) value within a range that is between 15 g CO.sub.2-eq/MJ and −500 g CO.sub.2 eq/MJ.

A hydrocarbon feed stream is exposed to heat in an absence of oxygen (pyrolysis) to convert the hydrocarbon feed stream into a solids stream and a gas stream. The solids stream includes carbon. The gas stream includes hydrogen. The gas stream is separated into an exhaust gas stream and a first hydrogen stream. The first hydrogen stream includes at least a portion of the hydrogen from the gas stream. The carbon is separated from the solids stream to produce a carbon stream. Electrolysis is performed on a water stream to produce an oxygen stream and a second hydrogen stream. At least a portion of the oxygen of the oxygen stream and at least a portion of the carbon of the carbon stream are combined to generate power and a carbon dioxide stream. At least a portion of the generated power is used to perform the electrolysis on the water stream.

A process and/or system for producing fuel using renewable hydrogen having a reduced carbon intensity. The renewable hydrogen is produced in a hydrogen production process comprising methane reforming, wherein at least a portion of the feedstock for the hydrogen production process comprises upgraded biogas sourced from a plurality of biogas plants. Each of the upgraded biogases is produced in a process that includes collecting biogas comprising methane and carbon dioxide, capturing at least 50% of the carbon dioxide originally present in the collected biogas and producing the upgraded biogas. Storage of the captured carbon dioxide reducing a carbon intensity of the fuel, without having to provide carbon capture and storage of carbon dioxide from hydrogen production.